Microbiology Quiz: Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobials
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Questions and Answers

Which test is used to determine antibacterial susceptibility?

  • Disc diffusion test (correct)
  • Phenylanine deamination test
  • Catalase test
  • Hemolysis test

    • Which of the following is a fungal pathogen with a dimorphic shape?

  • Aspergillus fumigatus
  • Trichophyton rubrum
  • Histoplasma capsulatum (correct)
  • Candida albicans

    • What causes Tinea corporis?

  • Aspergillus fumigatus
  • Candida albicans
  • Histoplasma capsulatum
  • Trichophyton rubrum (correct)

    • What is one of the virulence factors of Candida albicans?

    <p>Adhesins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding hemoglobin in blood leaving the lungs?

    <p>It is about 98-99% saturated with oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antifungal drug can be used to treat fungal infections?

    <p>Fluconazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzymes do not need water for reactions?

    <p>Ligases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is important for bacterial techoic acid?

    <p>PO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial group cannot grow at temperatures lower than 55°C?

    <p>Thermophiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic pathway is used by bacteria but not by eukaryotes?

    <p>Entner–Doudoroff pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a type of storage inclusion in bacteria?

    <p>Polyhydroxyalkanoates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about penicillins is NOT true?

    <p>Penicillins don’t require dosage adjustment in renal failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT inhibit nucleic acid synthesis?

    <p>Chloramphenicol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotics functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor?

    <p>Tetracycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of enzymes does not need water for reactions?

    <p>Layases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the important nutrient for bacterial techoic acid?

    <p>PO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial group cannot grow at temperatures less than 55°C?

    <p>Hyperthermophel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metabolic pathway is used by bacteria but not by eukaryotes?

    <p>Enter doudroff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a storage inclusion?

    <p>Polyhydroxyalkonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about penicillins is NOT true?

    <p>Penicillins don't require dosage adjustment in renal failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Concerning the toxicity of antibiotics, which statement is true?

    <p>Haemolytic anaemias can occur with sulphonamide use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor?

    <p>Tetracycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following media is used for isolating Salmonella?

    <p>Desoxycholate agar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of toxin does E. coli secrete that is heat sensitive?

    <p>Heat labile toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is caused by Serratia?

    <p>All of them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antigen type is not part of Enterobacteriaceae?

    <p>M Antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sugar is fermented by Lactobacillus to produce lactic acid?

    <p>Lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medium is specifically used for growing and identifying Vibrio species?

    <p>Thiosulfate-citrate-bile-sucrose (TCBS) agar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following media is not suitable for growing Salmonella?

    <p>Mannitol salt agar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pattern describes a disease regularly found among particular people or in a certain area?

    <p>Endemic Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the single most important method for classifying and spectating Streptococci?

    <p>Agglutination using antisera against the cell wall group specific substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test method is the least sensitive for diagnosing colitis caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli?

    <p>Culture on sorbitol MacConkey agar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Heat-labile toxin of Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) act?

    <p>Activation of adenylyl cyclase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On what basis can Enterococci be distinguished from nonenterococcal group D Streptococci?

    <p>Growth in 6.5% NaCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the principle of segregation describe?

    <p>Separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes an organism possessing two different alleles for a particular trait?

    <p>Heterozygous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hallmark of a reciprocal cross?

    <p>It involves reversing the sexes of the parents in two matings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are phenocopies?

    <p>Organisms having different genotypes but identical phenotypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medium is used for isolating Gram-negative bacteria and differentiating lactose fermenters?

    <p>EMB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antigen is NOT found in Enterobacteriaceae?

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sugar is fermented by Lactobacillus to produce lactic acid?

    <p>Lactic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medium is specifically designed for the isolation of Vibrio species?

    <p>Thiosulfate-citrate-bile-sucrose (TCBS) agar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of toxin is secreted by E.coli?

    <p>Heat stable toxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacteria can grow on xylose-lysine desoxycholate agar?

    <p><em>Salmonella</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a second-generation cephalosporin?

    <p>Cefactor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of anthrax?

    <p>All of them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobials

    Coagulase and Fibrinolysin

    • Coagulase and fibrinolysin are two enzymes secreted by pathogenic bacteria to protect themselves from the host's immune system.
    • Coagulase allows bacteria to form a protective barrier around themselves, while fibrinolysin breaks down fibrin, a protein that helps to form blood clots.

    Media Used in Microbiology

    • EMB (Eosin Methylene Blue): used to identify lactose-fermenting bacteria, such as E. coli.
    • CLED (Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient): used to isolate and identify bacteria that require cysteine, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
    • Deoxycholate citrate agar: used to isolate and identify bacteria that are sensitive to bile, such as Salmonella.
    • Bismuth sulphate: used to isolate and identify bacteria that are sensitive to heavy metals, such as Salmonella.
    • Thiosulfate-citrate-bile-sucrose (TCBS): used to isolate and identify bacteria that are sensitive to bile, such as Vibrio cholerae.

    Cholera Diarrhoea

    • The first complex compound of causing Cholera diarrhoea is the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP).
    • The pathogenesis of Cholerae diarrhoea involves the ingestion of contaminated food or water, followed by the colonization of the small intestine by V. cholerae.
    • The bacteria then produce the TCP toxin, which causes a massive secretion of electrolytes and water into the intestine, leading to diarrhoea.

    Anthrax

    • Types of Anthrax: Pulmonary anthrax, Cutaneous anthrax, and Intestinal Anthrax.

    Salmonella

    • Salmonella grows on: Desoxycholate agar, Xylose-lysine desoxycholate agar, Blood agar, and Mannitol salt agar.
    • Salmonella can ferment: Glucose, Mannitol, and Sucrose.

    Enterobacteriaceae

    • The types of antigens in Enterobacteriaceae are: O antigen, K antigen, and H antigen.

    E. coli

    • E. coli secrets two types of toxin: Heat stable toxin and Heat labile toxin.

    Klebsiella

    • Klebsiella has K antigen.

    Lactobacillus

    • Lactobacillus ferments sugars to produce: Lactic acid.

    Serratia

    • Serratia can cause: Endocarditis, Diarrhoea, and Septicemia.

    Disease Outbreaks

    • The patterns of disease outbreak in a community can be: Endemic disease, Sporadic disease, Epidemic disease, and Pandemic disease.

    Cephalosporines

    • An example of the second generation of cephalosporines is: Cefactor.

    Metabolic Pathways

    • Metabolic pathways are regulated by enzymes, which are proteins that speed up chemical reactions.
    • Enzymes are specific to certain reactions and are regulated by feedback mechanisms, such as allosteric control and substrate inhibition.

    Extracellular Proteins

    • Extracellular proteins are secreted from the cytoplasmic membrane and can include enzymes, toxins, and adhesins.
    • These proteins play a crucial role in the interaction between bacteria and their environment, and can be involved in bacterial pathogenesis.

    Let me know if you need more clarification on any of these points!

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    Test your knowledge of bacterial infections, antimicrobials, and microbiology techniques, including enzymes and media used to identify bacteria.

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