Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which test is used to determine antibacterial susceptibility?
Which test is used to determine antibacterial susceptibility?
- Disc diffusion test (correct)
- Phenylanine deamination test
- Catalase test
- Hemolysis test
Which of the following is a fungal pathogen with a dimorphic shape?
Which of the following is a fungal pathogen with a dimorphic shape?
- Aspergillus fumigatus
- Trichophyton rubrum
- Histoplasma capsulatum (correct)
- Candida albicans
What causes Tinea corporis?
What causes Tinea corporis?
- Aspergillus fumigatus
- Candida albicans
- Histoplasma capsulatum
- Trichophyton rubrum (correct)
What is one of the virulence factors of Candida albicans?
What is one of the virulence factors of Candida albicans?
Which statement is true regarding hemoglobin in blood leaving the lungs?
Which statement is true regarding hemoglobin in blood leaving the lungs?
Which antifungal drug can be used to treat fungal infections?
Which antifungal drug can be used to treat fungal infections?
Which enzymes do not need water for reactions?
Which enzymes do not need water for reactions?
Which nutrient is important for bacterial techoic acid?
Which nutrient is important for bacterial techoic acid?
Which bacterial group cannot grow at temperatures lower than 55°C?
Which bacterial group cannot grow at temperatures lower than 55°C?
Which metabolic pathway is used by bacteria but not by eukaryotes?
Which metabolic pathway is used by bacteria but not by eukaryotes?
Which of these is a type of storage inclusion in bacteria?
Which of these is a type of storage inclusion in bacteria?
Which of the following statements about penicillins is NOT true?
Which of the following statements about penicillins is NOT true?
Which of the following does NOT inhibit nucleic acid synthesis?
Which of the following does NOT inhibit nucleic acid synthesis?
Which of the following antibiotics functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor?
Which of the following antibiotics functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor?
Which type of enzymes does not need water for reactions?
Which type of enzymes does not need water for reactions?
Which is the important nutrient for bacterial techoic acid?
Which is the important nutrient for bacterial techoic acid?
Which bacterial group cannot grow at temperatures less than 55°C?
Which bacterial group cannot grow at temperatures less than 55°C?
Which metabolic pathway is used by bacteria but not by eukaryotes?
Which metabolic pathway is used by bacteria but not by eukaryotes?
Which of the following is considered a storage inclusion?
Which of the following is considered a storage inclusion?
Which of the following statements about penicillins is NOT true?
Which of the following statements about penicillins is NOT true?
Concerning the toxicity of antibiotics, which statement is true?
Concerning the toxicity of antibiotics, which statement is true?
Which antibiotic functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor?
Which antibiotic functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor?
Which of the following media is used for isolating Salmonella?
Which of the following media is used for isolating Salmonella?
What type of toxin does E. coli secrete that is heat sensitive?
What type of toxin does E. coli secrete that is heat sensitive?
Which disease is caused by Serratia?
Which disease is caused by Serratia?
Which antigen type is not part of Enterobacteriaceae?
Which antigen type is not part of Enterobacteriaceae?
Which sugar is fermented by Lactobacillus to produce lactic acid?
Which sugar is fermented by Lactobacillus to produce lactic acid?
Which medium is specifically used for growing and identifying Vibrio species?
Which medium is specifically used for growing and identifying Vibrio species?
Which of the following media is not suitable for growing Salmonella?
Which of the following media is not suitable for growing Salmonella?
What pattern describes a disease regularly found among particular people or in a certain area?
What pattern describes a disease regularly found among particular people or in a certain area?
What is the single most important method for classifying and spectating Streptococci?
What is the single most important method for classifying and spectating Streptococci?
Which test method is the least sensitive for diagnosing colitis caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli?
Which test method is the least sensitive for diagnosing colitis caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli?
How does the Heat-labile toxin of Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) act?
How does the Heat-labile toxin of Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) act?
On what basis can Enterococci be distinguished from nonenterococcal group D Streptococci?
On what basis can Enterococci be distinguished from nonenterococcal group D Streptococci?
What does the principle of segregation describe?
What does the principle of segregation describe?
What term describes an organism possessing two different alleles for a particular trait?
What term describes an organism possessing two different alleles for a particular trait?
What is the hallmark of a reciprocal cross?
What is the hallmark of a reciprocal cross?
What are phenocopies?
What are phenocopies?
Which medium is used for isolating Gram-negative bacteria and differentiating lactose fermenters?
Which medium is used for isolating Gram-negative bacteria and differentiating lactose fermenters?
What type of antigen is NOT found in Enterobacteriaceae?
What type of antigen is NOT found in Enterobacteriaceae?
Which sugar is fermented by Lactobacillus to produce lactic acid?
Which sugar is fermented by Lactobacillus to produce lactic acid?
Which medium is specifically designed for the isolation of Vibrio species?
Which medium is specifically designed for the isolation of Vibrio species?
Which type of toxin is secreted by E.coli?
Which type of toxin is secreted by E.coli?
Which of the following bacteria can grow on xylose-lysine desoxycholate agar?
Which of the following bacteria can grow on xylose-lysine desoxycholate agar?
Which of the following is an example of a second-generation cephalosporin?
Which of the following is an example of a second-generation cephalosporin?
Which of the following is a type of anthrax?
Which of the following is a type of anthrax?
Study Notes
Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobials
Coagulase and Fibrinolysin
- Coagulase and fibrinolysin are two enzymes secreted by pathogenic bacteria to protect themselves from the host's immune system.
- Coagulase allows bacteria to form a protective barrier around themselves, while fibrinolysin breaks down fibrin, a protein that helps to form blood clots.
Media Used in Microbiology
- EMB (Eosin Methylene Blue): used to identify lactose-fermenting bacteria, such as E. coli.
- CLED (Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient): used to isolate and identify bacteria that require cysteine, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Deoxycholate citrate agar: used to isolate and identify bacteria that are sensitive to bile, such as Salmonella.
- Bismuth sulphate: used to isolate and identify bacteria that are sensitive to heavy metals, such as Salmonella.
- Thiosulfate-citrate-bile-sucrose (TCBS): used to isolate and identify bacteria that are sensitive to bile, such as Vibrio cholerae.
Cholera Diarrhoea
- The first complex compound of causing Cholera diarrhoea is the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP).
- The pathogenesis of Cholerae diarrhoea involves the ingestion of contaminated food or water, followed by the colonization of the small intestine by V. cholerae.
- The bacteria then produce the TCP toxin, which causes a massive secretion of electrolytes and water into the intestine, leading to diarrhoea.
Anthrax
- Types of Anthrax: Pulmonary anthrax, Cutaneous anthrax, and Intestinal Anthrax.
Salmonella
- Salmonella grows on: Desoxycholate agar, Xylose-lysine desoxycholate agar, Blood agar, and Mannitol salt agar.
- Salmonella can ferment: Glucose, Mannitol, and Sucrose.
Enterobacteriaceae
- The types of antigens in Enterobacteriaceae are: O antigen, K antigen, and H antigen.
E. coli
- E. coli secrets two types of toxin: Heat stable toxin and Heat labile toxin.
Klebsiella
- Klebsiella has K antigen.
Lactobacillus
- Lactobacillus ferments sugars to produce: Lactic acid.
Serratia
- Serratia can cause: Endocarditis, Diarrhoea, and Septicemia.
Disease Outbreaks
- The patterns of disease outbreak in a community can be: Endemic disease, Sporadic disease, Epidemic disease, and Pandemic disease.
Cephalosporines
- An example of the second generation of cephalosporines is: Cefactor.
Metabolic Pathways
- Metabolic pathways are regulated by enzymes, which are proteins that speed up chemical reactions.
- Enzymes are specific to certain reactions and are regulated by feedback mechanisms, such as allosteric control and substrate inhibition.
Extracellular Proteins
- Extracellular proteins are secreted from the cytoplasmic membrane and can include enzymes, toxins, and adhesins.
- These proteins play a crucial role in the interaction between bacteria and their environment, and can be involved in bacterial pathogenesis.
Let me know if you need more clarification on any of these points!
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Description
Test your knowledge of bacterial infections, antimicrobials, and microbiology techniques, including enzymes and media used to identify bacteria.
