Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is responsible for the fever and shock associated with sepsis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
What is responsible for the fever and shock associated with sepsis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
- Endotoxin (correct)
- Lipid A
- Peptidoglycan
- Exotoxin A
What is the effect of exotoxin A produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
What is the effect of exotoxin A produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
- Inactivates EF-2 (correct)
- Activates EF-2
- Stimulates immune response
- Causes apoptosis in host cells
Which of the following is a characteristic of Pseudomonas aeruginosa's pathogenesis?
Which of the following is a characteristic of Pseudomonas aeruginosa's pathogenesis?
- Endotoxin leading to fever (correct)
- Production of necrotizing enzymes
- Production of a capsular polysaccharide
- Formation of biofilms exclusively
What role does EF-2 play in the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
What role does EF-2 play in the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
In the context of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, what does the term 'exotoxin' refer to?
In the context of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, what does the term 'exotoxin' refer to?
What is the primary habitat for Legionella pneumophila?
What is the primary habitat for Legionella pneumophila?
How is Legionella pneumophila transmitted?
How is Legionella pneumophila transmitted?
Which of the following is false regarding Legionella pneumophila?
Which of the following is false regarding Legionella pneumophila?
What role does endotoxin play in Legionella pneumophila?
What role does endotoxin play in Legionella pneumophila?
What type of transmission is not associated with Legionella pneumophila?
What type of transmission is not associated with Legionella pneumophila?
What disease is associated with Bordetella pertussis?
What disease is associated with Bordetella pertussis?
Which of the following best describes the morphology of Bordetella pertussis?
Which of the following best describes the morphology of Bordetella pertussis?
In which part of the human body does Bordetella pertussis primarily reside?
In which part of the human body does Bordetella pertussis primarily reside?
How is Bordetella pertussis transmitted from one person to another?
How is Bordetella pertussis transmitted from one person to another?
Which characteristic does NOT apply to Bordetella pertussis?
Which characteristic does NOT apply to Bordetella pertussis?
What component of Bordetella pertussis damages the ciliated epithelium?
What component of Bordetella pertussis damages the ciliated epithelium?
Which part of the respiratory tract is primarily affected by Bordetella pertussis?
Which part of the respiratory tract is primarily affected by Bordetella pertussis?
What is the primary effect of the tracheal cytotoxin in Bordetella pertussis infection?
What is the primary effect of the tracheal cytotoxin in Bordetella pertussis infection?
Which type of pathogen is Bordetella pertussis?
Which type of pathogen is Bordetella pertussis?
How does Bordetella pertussis primarily affect respiratory function?
How does Bordetella pertussis primarily affect respiratory function?
What is a predisposing factor for certain health conditions?
What is a predisposing factor for certain health conditions?
How does smoking affect health according to the predisposition factors?
How does smoking affect health according to the predisposition factors?
Which age group is considered a predisposing factor?
Which age group is considered a predisposing factor?
What is the impact of high alcohol intake as a predisposing factor?
What is the impact of high alcohol intake as a predisposing factor?
Which combination of factors is likely to predispose individuals to health issues?
Which combination of factors is likely to predispose individuals to health issues?
What type of stain was used for the lung sections in the study?
What type of stain was used for the lung sections in the study?
Which organism was isolated from the patient in the study?
Which organism was isolated from the patient in the study?
What was the modification used to stain the lung sections effectively?
What was the modification used to stain the lung sections effectively?
In what type of specimen were Legionella pneumophila isolated from?
In what type of specimen were Legionella pneumophila isolated from?
What can the isolation of Legionella pneumophila suggest about the patient's condition?
What can the isolation of Legionella pneumophila suggest about the patient's condition?
Flashcards
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A type of bacteria that can cause infections in humans, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems.
Endotoxin
Endotoxin
A toxin released by bacteria that can cause fever and shock, often associated with sepsis.
Exotoxin A
Exotoxin A
A protein produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that can inactivate a key protein involved in protein synthesis.
EF-2
EF-2
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Sepsis
Sepsis
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Whooping cough
Whooping cough
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Bordetella pertussis
Bordetella pertussis
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Habitat of Bordetella pertussis
Habitat of Bordetella pertussis
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Transmission of Bordetella pertussis
Transmission of Bordetella pertussis
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Gram-negative rods
Gram-negative rods
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Legionella pneumophila habitat
Legionella pneumophila habitat
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Legionella transmission
Legionella transmission
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Legionella pneumophila
Legionella pneumophila
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Pathogenesis
Pathogenesis
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Tracheal Cytotoxin
Tracheal Cytotoxin
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Ciliated epithelium
Ciliated epithelium
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Whooping Cough (Pertussis)
Whooping Cough (Pertussis)
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Age as a Predisposing Factor
Age as a Predisposing Factor
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Smoking's Impact on Alveolar Macrophages
Smoking's Impact on Alveolar Macrophages
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Alcohol and Immune System
Alcohol and Immune System
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What are Predisposing Factors?
What are Predisposing Factors?
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Predisposing Factors Examples
Predisposing Factors Examples
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Dieterle silver impregnation
Dieterle silver impregnation
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CDC's modification of Dieterle silver impregnation
CDC's modification of Dieterle silver impregnation
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H & E stained lung sections
H & E stained lung sections
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H & E stained lung sections of patient from whom legionella pneumophila was isolated
H & E stained lung sections of patient from whom legionella pneumophila was isolated
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Study Notes
Gram-Negative Rods
-
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Diseases: wound infection, UTI, pneumonia, sepsis, nosocomial infections (especially in burn patients), endocarditis in intravenous drug users.
- Characteristics: aerobic gram-negative rods, non-lactose-fermenting, pyocyanin (blue-green) pigment, oxidase-positive.
- Habitat & Transmission: environmental water sources, inhabits skin, upper respiratory tract & colon, transmission via water aerosols, aspiration & fecal contamination.
- Pathogenesis: endotoxin responsible for fever and shock with sepsis; exotoxin A inactivates EF-2; pili and capsule mediate attachment and inhibit phagocytosis; glycocalyx-producing strains predominate in chronic infections in cystic fibrosis patients; severe burns & neutropenia are predisposing factors
- Prevention: disinfection of water-related equipment in hospitals, handwashing, prompt removal of urinary and intravenous catheters; no vaccine.
-
Haemophilus influenzae
- Diseases: sinusitis, otitis media, pneumonia are common; epiglottitis is uncommon; meningitis was a leading cause but vaccination greatly reduced cases.
- Characteristics: small gram-negative (coccobacillary) rods, requires factors X (hemin) and V (NAD) for growth; of six capsular polysaccharide types, type b causes 95% of invasive disease; type b capsule is polyribitol phosphate.
- Habitat & Transmission: upper respiratory tract, transmission via respiratory droplets.
- Pathogenesis: polysaccharide capsule is the most important determinant of virulence; unencapsulated ("untypeable") strains cause mucosal infections but not invasive infections; IgA protease is produced; most cases of meningitis occur in children younger than 2 years due to waning maternal antibody & inadequate immune response to capsular polysaccharides.
- Treatment: Ceftriaxone is the treatment of choice for meningitis; approximately 25% of strains produce β-lactamase.
- Prevention: vaccine containing type b capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diphtheria toxoid or other protein, given between 2 & 18 months of age; rifampin can prevent meningitis in close contacts.
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Bordetella pertussis
- Diseases: whooping cough (pertussis).
- Characteristics: small gram-negative rods.
- Habitat & Transmission: human respiratory tract, transmission via respiratory droplets.
- Pathogenesis: pertussis toxin stimulates adenylate cyclase by adding ADP-ribose onto inhibitory G protein; toxin has two components (subunit A has ADP-ribosylating activity, subunit B binds toxin to cell surface receptors); pertussis toxin causes lymphocytosis in blood, preventing lymphocytes from entering tissue, leading to retention in blood; tracheal cytotoxin damages ciliated epithelium of respiratory tract.
- Clinical presentation: whooping cough is acute tracheobronchitis, starting with mild upper respiratory symptoms, followed by severe paroxysmal cough lasting 1-4 weeks; paroxysmal cough involves hacking coughs with copious mucus, ending with an inspiratory whoop; in adults, paroxysmal cough of varying severity, lasting weeks, with characteristic whoop often absent.
- Treatment: erythromycin.
- Prevention: acellular vaccine containing pertussis toxoid (recommended); killed vaccine contains whole organisms, given to children in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids (DTaP).
-
Legionella pneumophila
- Diseases: Legionnaires' disease ("atypical" pneumonia; mild influenzalike illness to severe pneumonia, accompanied by mental confusion, nonbloody diarrhea and microscopic hematuria, cough with scanty and nonpurulent sputum; most cases resolve spontaneously in 7 to 10 days; infection can be fatal in older or immunocompromised patients; Pontiac fever is mild, flu-like form that does not result in pneumonia.
- Characteristics: gram-negative rods (stain poorly with standard Gram stain), require iron & cysteine for growth in culture.
- Habitat & Transmission: environmental water sources, transmission via aerosol from water source; person-to-person transmission is not present
- Pathogenesis: has endotoxin; predisposing factors include age over 55, smoking (damages alveolar macrophages), high alcohol intake, and immunosuppression (renal transplant recipients); replicates intracellularly, so cell-mediated immunity is important host defense
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Description
Test your knowledge on the pathogenesis, characteristics, and transmission of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bordetella pertussis. This quiz covers exotoxins, habitats, and disease associations linked to these bacteria. Ideal for microbiology students wanting to enhance their understanding of these pathogens.