quiz 3 Microbiology Phenotype Classification Quiz
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quiz 3 Microbiology Phenotype Classification Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the generic term for the study of microorganisms?

  • Virology
  • Microbiology (correct)
  • Biotechnology
  • Parasitology
  • Which of the following is NOT included in the study of microbiology?

  • Parasites
  • Fungi
  • Virus
  • Plant cells (correct)
  • In which of the following areas does microbiology play an important role?

  • Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology (correct)
  • Sports science
  • Civil engineering
  • Space exploration
  • Which of the following is NOT a field impacted by microbiology?

    <p>Astronomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following microorganisms is NOT included in the study of microbiology?

    <p>Grasshopper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a relevant area where microbiology plays an important role?

    <p>Fermented foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a type of microorganism?

    <p>Fungi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of arranging organisms into groups based on shared characteristics called?

    <p>Microbial classification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of entity cannot reproduce on its own?

    <p>Viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What refers to the deterioration of a product by a contaminating microbe?

    <p>Microbial spoilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field involves extracting genetic components and cell components of microbes?

    <p>Molecular microbiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of media can be used to grow microbes in the lab?

    <p>Solid and liquid media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a genetic variant or subtype of a species?

    <p>Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are the key figures involved in microbial classification?

    <p>.Linnaeus, Haeckel, and Whittaker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of microorganisms (microbes) called?

    <p>Microbiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be genetically modified to produce therapeutic proteins?

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a collection of strains that share stable properties?

    <p>Bacterial species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial external cell component can also be known as Fimbriae?

    <p>Pilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of bacterial genetic material?

    <p>Nucleoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial internal cell component can replicate autonomously within the host?

    <p>Plasmids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bacterial structure acts as a survival mechanism increasing resistance to adverse conditions such as lack of nutrients?

    <p>Endospores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the sites of protein synthesis in bacterial cells?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which viral structure is optional and may or may not be present?

    <p>Lipid envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial internal cell component contains a single chromosome of double stranded DNA?

    <p>Nucleoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of pili allows transfer of DNA between 2 bacteria?

    <p>Conjugative pili</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can help in attachment to surfaces and provide protection from adverse conditions in bacteria?

    <p>Capsules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial cell structure forms long filaments and remains attached following cell division?

    <p>Trichomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which viral structure is present in some viruses, allowing them to infect prokaryotes?

    <p>Receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main components of bacterial cell that can be viewed using phase contrast microscopy or stained?

    <p>Endospores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method used to identify bacteria based on how they retain crystal violet dye?

    <p>Cell structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'serotype' refer to in microbial classification?

    <p>Distinct variations in cell surface antigens within a species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic determined by genotype in microbial classification?

    <p>Part of the genetic makeup of a cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is used to produce clusters (clades) of similar organisms based on DNA or protein sequences?

    <p>Phylogenetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of bacteria is determined by its susceptibility to bacteriophages and its ability to cause disease?

    <p>Pathogenicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are laboratory facilities categorized in terms of microbial safety?

    <p>Categorized based on Biosafety level (BSL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene in Staphylococcus aureus causes methicillin resistance?

    <p>mecA gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gene mutations include point mutations (SNPs) and gene insertions/deletions?

    <p>Gene mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method can be used to identify more closely related organisms based on genetic sequences?

    <p>Multiple sequence alignments (MSA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does the Advisory committee on Dangerous Pathogens (ACDP) categorize microorganisms by?

    <p>Severity of disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genetic feature causes methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus?

    <p>mecA gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What category of microorganisms does gram staining identify based on how they retain crystal violet dye?

    <p>Bacilli or cocci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major component of the bacterial cell wall, providing shape and protection against osmotic lysis?

    <p>Peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is involved in bacterial motility and can be monotrichous, lophotrichous, amphitrichous, or peritrichous?

    <p>Flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a protective structure that allows some bacteria to survive harsh environmental conditions?

    <p>Endospore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and can stimulate a pro-inflammatory immune response?

    <p>Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides resistance to antibiotics in bacteria?

    <p>Plasmid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microbial classification is based on the genetic makeup of microbes and used for more precise identification and classification?

    <p>Genotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What refers to the observable characteristics of microbes, such as morphology, colony appearance, and biochemical reactions?

    <p>Phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of containment is required for handling pathogens such as Ebola and Variola viruses?

    <p>BSL-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Bacteria and viruses: two main groups of microorganisms
    • Bacteria come in various shapes and sizes, including cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), and spiral bacteria
    • Morphology is not an accurate form of classification, but can provide a general understanding of bacterial structure
    • Bacteria have a simpler structure than eukaryotic cells, and can adapt more readily to environmental changes
    • Bacterial cells consist of several components, including structural components such as the cell wall and plasma membrane, genetic material, ribosomes, and various specialized structures
    • Cell wall: a major component of bacterial cells, made of peptidoglycan, which provides shape and protection against osmotic lysis
    • Plasma membrane: a selectively permeable membrane that maintains the internal environment, retains cytoplasm, and protects against external agents
    • Flagella: structures involved in bacterial motility, which can be monotrichous, lophotrichous, amphitrichous, or peritrichous, and are essential for the virulence of certain bacteria like V. cholerae
    • Viruses are much smaller than bacteria, and consist of a protein coat (capsid) and genetic material, either DNA or RNA
    • Biosafety levels: different levels of containment required for handling various microorganisms, including BSL-1, BSL-2, and BSL-4 facilities for handling pathogens such as Ebola and Variola viruses.
    • Bacterial cell structure:
      • Morphology: varies greatly among bacterial species, with different shapes, sizes, and colors
      • Colonies: can be used to identify bacterial species
      • Internal structures: include ribosomes, nucleoid, and various specialized structures
      • External structures: include cell wall, plasma membrane, and flagella
    • Internal structures:
      • Nucleoid: contains bacterial DNA
      • Ribosomes: sites of protein synthesis
      • Plasmid: extrachromosomal DNA that provides resistance to antibiotics
      • Endospores: protective structures that allow some bacteria to survive harsh environmental conditions
      • Capsules and slime: protective layers that help shield bacteria from the environment
      • Flagella: structures involved in bacterial motility, powered by a proton gradient
      • Pili: structures involved in bacterial attachment and transfer of genetic material between bacteria
    • External structures:
      • Cell wall: provides structural support and protects against osmotic lysis
      • Plasma membrane: maintains the internal environment and selectively allows the passage of certain molecules
      • Flagella: structures involved in bacterial motility
      • Peptidoglycan: a major component of the bacterial cell wall, made of alternating residues of Nacetylglucosamine (NAG) and Nacetylmuramic acid (NAM)
      • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS): a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, can stimulate a pro-inflammatory immune response.
    • Viral morphology:
      • Viruses are much smaller than bacteria, and consist of a protein coat (capsid) and genetic material, either DNA or RNA
      • Shapes: vary among viral species, including icosahedral, helical, and complex structures
      • Mode of entry: can enter cells through various mechanisms, including endocytosis, phagocytosis, and direct penetration.
    • Microbial classification:
      • Phenotype: observable characteristics of microbes, such as morphology, colony appearance, and biochemical reactions
      • Serotype: based on the presence and structure of antigenic surfaces, used to distinguish between different strains of the same species
      • Genotype: based on the genetic makeup of microbes, used for more precise identification and classification.
    • Biosafety level: refers to the level of containment required for handling and studying various microorganisms, based on their potential to cause harm to human health and the environment.
    • Bacterial classification:
      • Morphology: used to describe the general structure of bacteria, including size, shape, and color
      • Cell structure: includes both internal and external structures
      • Cocci: spherical bacteria, including monococci, diplococci, and tetrads
      • Bacilli: rod-shaped bacteria, including monobacilli, diplobacilli, and streptobacilli
      • Spiral bacteria: include spirilla and spirochetes
      • Gram positive: have a single plasma membrane, and a thick peptidoglycan layer
      • Gram negative: have a double plasma membrane, and a thin peptidoglycan layer, with a outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

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    Test your knowledge on microbiology phenotype classification, covering topics such as morphology, serotype, genotype, and ecological properties. Questions may include identifying cell shapes, structures, biochemistry, and life cycle characteristics.

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