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Questions and Answers
What type of fungal infection is primarily characterized by infection of mucous membranes, hair, nails, and moist skin areas?
What type of fungal infection is primarily characterized by infection of mucous membranes, hair, nails, and moist skin areas?
What factor increases the risk of opportunistic fungal infections?
What factor increases the risk of opportunistic fungal infections?
Which adverse effect is least likely to occur in patients taking antifungal medication?
Which adverse effect is least likely to occur in patients taking antifungal medication?
What is the primary purpose of antifungal drugs?
What is the primary purpose of antifungal drugs?
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Which of the following fungi is specifically known for causing oral candidiasis?
Which of the following fungi is specifically known for causing oral candidiasis?
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Which protozoan parasite is responsible for causing malaria?
Which protozoan parasite is responsible for causing malaria?
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What type of effects are typically associated with the gastrointestinal side effects of antifungal treatments?
What type of effects are typically associated with the gastrointestinal side effects of antifungal treatments?
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What mechanism does the genus Plasmodium use to spread malaria?
What mechanism does the genus Plasmodium use to spread malaria?
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What is the primary mechanism by which antimalarial drugs interrupt plasmodial reproduction?
What is the primary mechanism by which antimalarial drugs interrupt plasmodial reproduction?
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Which of the following is a common CNS effect associated with anti-protozoal drugs?
Which of the following is a common CNS effect associated with anti-protozoal drugs?
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Which group of parasitic worms enters the human intestine via contaminated food?
Which group of parasitic worms enters the human intestine via contaminated food?
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What is the most common site for helminthiasis infections?
What is the most common site for helminthiasis infections?
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Which of the following adverse effects is associated with anti-protozoal drugs?
Which of the following adverse effects is associated with anti-protozoal drugs?
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What type of organism is primarily responsible for amoebiasis?
What type of organism is primarily responsible for amoebiasis?
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Which of the following statements about helminths is false?
Which of the following statements about helminths is false?
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Which adverse effect is NOT commonly reported with anti-protozoal medications?
Which adverse effect is NOT commonly reported with anti-protozoal medications?
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What is the primary characteristic of protozoans?
What is the primary characteristic of protozoans?
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What mechanism does antibacterial action NOT involve?
What mechanism does antibacterial action NOT involve?
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Which of the following protozoans is NOT listed as an example?
Which of the following protozoans is NOT listed as an example?
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What is a significant factor affecting the effectiveness of antibacterial drugs?
What is a significant factor affecting the effectiveness of antibacterial drugs?
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What impact does a weak immune system have on addressing protozoan infections?
What impact does a weak immune system have on addressing protozoan infections?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding helminths?
Which of the following statements is true regarding helminths?
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What can often limit the effectiveness of drug therapy for infections?
What can often limit the effectiveness of drug therapy for infections?
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Which statement regarding the pharmacokinetics of antibacterial drugs is accurate?
Which statement regarding the pharmacokinetics of antibacterial drugs is accurate?
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Flashcards
Antifungal drugs
Antifungal drugs
Medicines used to treat fungal infections, also known as mycosis.
Local fungal infections
Local fungal infections
Fungal infections affecting the skin, nails, hair, or mucous membranes.
Dermatophytes
Dermatophytes
Fungi that cause local infections of the skin, hair, and nails.
Oral candidiasis (thrush)
Oral candidiasis (thrush)
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Opportunistic infections
Opportunistic infections
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Adverse effects of Antifungals
Adverse effects of Antifungals
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Malaria
Malaria
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Antiprotozoal drugs
Antiprotozoal drugs
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Antiprotozoal drug action
Antiprotozoal drug action
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Common antiprotozoal adverse effects
Common antiprotozoal adverse effects
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What are helminths?
What are helminths?
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Helminth transmission
Helminth transmission
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Tapeworm types
Tapeworm types
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Liver fluke infections
Liver fluke infections
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Intestinal nematode examples
Intestinal nematode examples
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Cestodes, Trematodes, and Nematodes
Cestodes, Trematodes, and Nematodes
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What are protozoa?
What are protozoa?
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How do protozoa cause illness?
How do protozoa cause illness?
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What are examples of protozoa?
What are examples of protozoa?
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What are five mechanisms of antibacterial drug action?
What are five mechanisms of antibacterial drug action?
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What is important for effective antibacterial action?
What is important for effective antibacterial action?
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Why is a strong immune system important for antibacterial drugs?
Why is a strong immune system important for antibacterial drugs?
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What is the role of pharmacokinetics in antibacterial drugs?
What is the role of pharmacokinetics in antibacterial drugs?
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Study Notes
Microbiology
- Microorganisms are also known as mycosis, tinea, or candidiasis.
- Bacteria are prokaryotic.
- Gram-positive bacteria do not retain stain.
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Enterococcus avium
- Staphylococcus simulans
- Streptococcus milleri
- Staphylococcus aureus subspecies
- Staphylococcus hominis
- Enterococcus faecalis
- Gram-negative bacteria retain stain.
- Escherichia coli
- Enterobacter cloacae
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Citrobacter koseri
- Serratia marcescens
- Morganella morganii
- Baumann Acinetobacter
- Klebsiella oxytoca
- Bacillus
- Cocci are spherical. Clusters of cocci are called staphylococci, while chains are called streptococci.
Antimicrobials
- Antimicrobials are chemicals produced by organisms to stop the growth, or kill, other organisms.
- A patient with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) will likely get vancomycin.
- Oseltamivir is sensitive to influenza A.
Viruses
- Viruses are noncellular, nonliving agents. They consist of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) inside a protective coat.
- Viruses reproduce by using host cells' DNA and RNA to generate more viruses.
- Examples include influenza A, B, and C, herpes viruses, hepatitis viruses, and HIV.
Antifungals
- Antifungal drugs are used to treat fungal infections (mycosis).
- Antifungal drugs are fungistatic or fungicidal depending on the type of fungus and the dose.
- Examples include amphotericin B, Nystatin, Fluconazole, flucytosine, caspofungin, and griseofulvin.
Antiprotozoal
- Malaria is a life-threatenning disease caused by various species of protozoan parasites in the genus Plasmodium. It is spread by infected Anopheles mosquitoes.
- Antiprotozoa are used to treat malaria.
- Examples include Chloroquine (CQ) and Amodiaquine (AQ).
Antibacterial
- Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections.
- Antibiotics that are used to treat bacterial infections can be bacteriostatic or bactericidal.
- Bacteriostatic antibiotics stop the growth of the bacterium, while bactericidal antibiotics kill the bacterium.
Anthelmintics
- Helminths are large parasitic worms that live and lay eggs in warm, moist soil where sanitation and hygiene are poor.
- Diseases are caused by worms:
- Cestodes (tapeworms)
- Trematodes (flukes)
- Intestinal nematodes (roundworms)
- Tissue-invading nematodes (tissue roundworms)
- Anthelmintics are used to treat infections caused by worms.
- Examples of anthelmintics include mebendazole, pyrantel, and praziquantel.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts in microbiology, focusing on the characteristics of microorganisms, including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, it discusses the role of antimicrobials and their importance in treating infections, such as those caused by MRSA. Test your knowledge on these fundamental topics!