Microbiology of Tuberculosis
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Microbiology of Tuberculosis

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Questions and Answers

What is the shape of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria?

  • Straight rod
  • Spiral
  • Curved rod (correct)
  • Spherical

    • Which type of staining is NOT effective on Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

  • Acid-fast stains
  • Gram staining (correct)
  • Simple stains
  • Fluorescent stains

    • What is the primary method of transmission for tuberculosis?

  • Contact with contaminated surfaces
  • Inhalation of aerosol droplets (correct)
  • Vector-borne transmission
  • Ingestion of contaminated food

    • What type of tuberculosis occurs in about 5–10% of primary TB cases?

    <p>Reactivation tuberculosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure forms within an infected area during tuberculosis infection?

    <p>Granuloma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which media is used to culture Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

    <p>Lowenstein–Jensen media</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cellular feature is characteristic of the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

    <p>Macrophage fusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes how Mycobacterium tuberculosis survives in hostile environments?

    <p>It is resistant to weak disinfectants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the fibrosis and calcification phase of a Ghon complex?

    <p>Primary infection resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups is at higher risk of contracting active TB infection?

    <p>Recent immigrants from high-prevalence countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common presentation of primary tuberculosis?

    <p>Usually asymptomatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication is linked to extrapulmonary tuberculosis?

    <p>Bronchopneumonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is commonly associated with reactivation tuberculosis?

    <p>Constitutional symptoms like night sweats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential renal complication of extrapulmonary tuberculosis?

    <p>Sterile pyuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which organ can miliary tuberculosis potentially manifest?

    <p>Any organ in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is least likely to be associated with primary tuberculosis?

    <p>Cough producing purulent sputum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom would be suggestive of advanced tuberculosis?

    <p>Fatigue and appetite loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition can result from tuberculosis affecting the lumbar vertebrae?

    <p>Pott disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to Mycobacteria when they are phagocytized by macrophages?

    <p>They inhibit lysosomes and can remain dormant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom specifically linked to pleural effusion caused by tuberculosis?

    <p>Crepitations during lung auscultation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT a risk factor for developing tuberculosis?

    <p>Healthy immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In individuals with a compromised immune system, what can result from Mycobacteria infection?

    <p>Increased areas of caseous necrosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes latent tuberculosis in immunocompetent individuals?

    <p>Dormant but viable bacteria without complications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a consequence of untreated tuberculosis in immunocompromised individuals?

    <p>Cavity formation within the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of macrophages in tuberculosis infection?

    <p>To phagocytize Mycobacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor could lead to a higher risk of tuberculosis reactivation?

    <p>Chronic malnutrition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the immune system typically respond to Mycobacteria infections?

    <p>By creating granulomas to wall off the infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a consequence of caseous necrosis in tuberculosis?

    <p>Cavity formation in the lungs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about tuberculosis is true?

    <p>Latent tuberculosis does not lead to progression in healthy individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive PPD result indicate?

    <p>Evidence of exposure to TB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs)?

    <p>Provides immediate results in field settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first line treatment for active TB?

    <p>Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could lead to a false-positive PPD test result?

    <p>Immunization with BCG vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is typically used for prophylactic treatment against tuberculosis?

    <p>BCG vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason for a false-negative PPD test result?

    <p>Sarcoidosis or malnutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by an induration area of ≥ 5mm in a PPD skin test for immunocompromised individuals?

    <p>Positive result for TB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a hallmark of active TB as seen on a chest X-ray?

    <p>Cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes extensively drug-resistant TB?

    <p>Resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, and any fluoroquinolone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT typically associated with systemic infection due to TB?

    <p>Bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Ranke complex in the context of TB?

    <p>Sign of healed primary TB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a condition that could be indicated by tubercles in the eye?

    <p>Choroidal infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a PPD induration area of ≥ 10mm imply for individuals from high-prevalence countries?

    <p>Positive for TB infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a sign of systemic TB infection?

    <p>Weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group would have a positive PPD result with an induration area of ≥ 15mm?

    <p>Individuals with no known risk for TB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of a systemic infection in TB?

    <p>Persistent cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

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