Microbiology: Microbial Enzymes

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of enzymes produced by living cells?

  • To carry out non-specific biochemical reactions
  • To catalyze specific biochemical reactions (correct)
  • To regulate temperature and pH in cells
  • To produce secondary metabolites

Which of the following is a method of enzyme stabilization?

  • Immobilization of substrates
  • Substrate stabilization (correct)
  • Solvent denaturation
  • Denaturation of enzymes

What is a consequence of high concentrations of solvents on enzymes?

  • Stabilization of enzyme structure
  • Activation of enzymes
  • Denaturation of enzymes (correct)
  • Increased enzyme production

What is an advantage of immobilizing enzymes?

<p>Enzymes can be reused or used continuously (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes can be stabilized by adding starch?

<p>α-amylase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of calcium ions in enzyme stabilization?

<p>Stabilizing the tertiary structure of proteases and α-amylases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between primary and secondary metabolites?

<p>Primary metabolites are involved in normal growth, development, and reproduction, while secondary metabolites are not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a secondary metabolite?

<p>Antibiotics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of immobilizing enzymes?

<p>To increase their stability and reusability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method of immobilizing enzymes involves the formation of covalent bonds between the enzyme molecules?

<p>Cross-linking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of microencapsulation in enzyme immobilization?

<p>To enclose the enzyme in a semi-permeable polymeric membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a primary metabolite?

<p>Carbohydrates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of adding phenylalanine or phenyl acetic acid during penicillin production?

<p>To reduce the production of by-products (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is produced using rDNA technology in E. coli?

<p>L-tryptophan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of penicillin production?

<p>Penicillium chrysogenum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of valine, cysteine, and L-α-aminoadipate in penicillin biosynthesis?

<p>They are condensed to form the 6APA side chain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Penicillium notatum and Penicillium chrysogenum?

<p>P. notatum produces pigments while P. chrysogenum does not (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of using Penicillium chrysogenum mutants and proper medium in penicillin production?

<p>A 50,000-fold increase in penicillin yield (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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