18 Questions
What is the primary function of enzymes produced by living cells?
To catalyze specific biochemical reactions
Which of the following is a method of enzyme stabilization?
Substrate stabilization
What is a consequence of high concentrations of solvents on enzymes?
Denaturation of enzymes
What is an advantage of immobilizing enzymes?
Enzymes can be reused or used continuously
Which of the following enzymes can be stabilized by adding starch?
α-amylase
What is the role of calcium ions in enzyme stabilization?
Stabilizing the tertiary structure of proteases and α-amylases
What is the main difference between primary and secondary metabolites?
Primary metabolites are involved in normal growth, development, and reproduction, while secondary metabolites are not.
Which of the following is an example of a secondary metabolite?
Antibiotics
What is the purpose of immobilizing enzymes?
To increase their stability and reusability
Which method of immobilizing enzymes involves the formation of covalent bonds between the enzyme molecules?
Cross-linking
What is the purpose of microencapsulation in enzyme immobilization?
To enclose the enzyme in a semi-permeable polymeric membrane
Which of the following is an example of a primary metabolite?
Carbohydrates
What is the primary function of adding phenylalanine or phenyl acetic acid during penicillin production?
To reduce the production of by-products
Which amino acid is produced using rDNA technology in E. coli?
L-tryptophan
What is the primary source of penicillin production?
Penicillium chrysogenum
What is the role of valine, cysteine, and L-α-aminoadipate in penicillin biosynthesis?
They are condensed to form the 6APA side chain
What is the main difference between Penicillium notatum and Penicillium chrysogenum?
P. notatum produces pigments while P. chrysogenum does not
What is the result of using Penicillium chrysogenum mutants and proper medium in penicillin production?
A 50,000-fold increase in penicillin yield
This quiz covers the basics of microbial enzymes, their characteristics, and stabilization methods, including substrate stabilization. Topics include enzyme sensitivity to environmental factors and ways to protect them against heat damage.
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