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Microbiology: Microbial Enzymes

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of enzymes produced by living cells?

To carry out non-specific biochemical reactions

To catalyze specific biochemical reactions (correct)

To regulate temperature and pH in cells

To produce secondary metabolites

Which of the following is a method of enzyme stabilization?

Immobilization of substrates

Substrate stabilization (correct)

Solvent denaturation

Denaturation of enzymes

What is a consequence of high concentrations of solvents on enzymes?

Stabilization of enzyme structure

Activation of enzymes

Denaturation of enzymes (correct)

Increased enzyme production

What is an advantage of immobilizing enzymes?

Enzymes can be reused or used continuously Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes can be stabilized by adding starch?

α-amylase Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of calcium ions in enzyme stabilization?

Stabilizing the tertiary structure of proteases and α-amylases Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between primary and secondary metabolites?

Primary metabolites are involved in normal growth, development, and reproduction, while secondary metabolites are not. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a secondary metabolite?

Antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of immobilizing enzymes?

To increase their stability and reusability Signup and view all the answers

Which method of immobilizing enzymes involves the formation of covalent bonds between the enzyme molecules?

Cross-linking Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of microencapsulation in enzyme immobilization?

To enclose the enzyme in a semi-permeable polymeric membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a primary metabolite?

Carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of adding phenylalanine or phenyl acetic acid during penicillin production?

To reduce the production of by-products Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is produced using rDNA technology in E. coli?

L-tryptophan Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of penicillin production?

Penicillium chrysogenum Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of valine, cysteine, and L-α-aminoadipate in penicillin biosynthesis?

They are condensed to form the 6APA side chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Penicillium notatum and Penicillium chrysogenum?

P. notatum produces pigments while P. chrysogenum does not Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of using Penicillium chrysogenum mutants and proper medium in penicillin production?

A 50,000-fold increase in penicillin yield Signup and view all the answers