17 Questions
Which mechanism involves the insertion, deletion, and rearrangement of DNA?
Illegitimate recombination
What is a common driver of loss of function according to the text?
Absence of purifying selection for gene function
According to Hughes and Andersson (2015), what is a key consideration in the cost/benefit analysis of reduced genome content?
Balancing deletions to insertions
Why might strategies to minimize gene loss in the absence of selection be beneficial for bacterial survival?
To maximize adaptive potential
Which process leads to improved fitness by favoring the loss of function?
Adaptive loss
What is a common feature of lysogenic conversion in bacterial pathogens?
Expression of a new phenotype in the bacterial host
Which of the following bacteria encode the Cholera toxin as part of lysogenic conversion?
Vibrio cholerae
In generalized transduction, what does the packaging start from in phages?
Ends or pac sites
How is the process of packaging DNA in phages during generalized transduction analogized in the text?
Packing groceries at the store
What is a key feature that differentiates pathogenicity islands (PAIs) from other genomic islands?
Specific association with virulence factors
What is an essential role of transposons in bacterial genomes?
Facilitating horizontal gene transfer
What type of mutations can cause a gene to lose function and become a pseudogene?
Nonsense and frameshift mutations
How can missense mutations contribute to the formation of pseudogenes?
By altering the amino acid sequence
In the context of new lifestyle adaptation, what role can pseudogenes play according to new thinking?
Serving as an adaptive repertoire of selectable traits
What is the main reason pseudogenes are not always eliminated despite selective pressure?
Some pseudogenes are transcribed and translated into active proteins
Which of the following statements best describes pathoadaptation in the evolution of pseudogenes?
Mutations in pseudogenes confer a strong selective advantage in virulent niches
Based on new thinking, what potential role do pseudogenes play in pathogenic evolution?
Serving as a source of selectable traits for improving pathogen fitness
Explore the mechanisms of intrinsic loss of function in microbiology, including point mutations, insertion, deletion, and rearrangement of DNA. Learn about homologous recombination, illegitimate recombination with elements like IS elements and transposons, as well as drivers of loss of function such as absence of purifying selection and adaptive loss. Understand the fitness costs of drug resistance in the context of microbiology.
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