Microbiology: Gram Staining and Bacterial Characteristics

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What is the purpose of the crystal violet dye in the gram stain process?

To differentiate between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (correct)
To stain the bacteria purple
To decolorize the bacteria
To remove excess iodine solution

What is the primary difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?

Their reaction to the gram stain process (correct)
Their cell wall structure
Their ability to form spores
Their ability to grow in the presence of oxygen

What is the term for bacteria that require oxygen to grow?

Anaerobes
Aerobes (correct)
Obligate aerobes
Facultative anaerobes

What is the function of the capsule in bacteria?

To enhance the bacterium's ability to resist the body's defense mechanisms (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for bacteria that can grow in the presence or absence of oxygen?

Facultative anaerobes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the highly resistant form of bacteria that can survive extreme conditions?

Spores (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for single-cell organisms with complex internal structures?

Protozoa (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the thick-walled resting stage of protozoa that can survive outside a host?

Cysts (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a type of fungus that causes opportunistic infections, such as oral candidiasis?

Candida albicans (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of genital lesions?

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is transmitted through the bite of an infectious mosquito?

Zika Virus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of the West Nile virus on the human body?

Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of surface barriers?

To protect surfaces from becoming contaminated (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of using surface barriers?

They add plastics to the environment (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of the Ebola virus?

Direct contact of broken skin or mucous membrane with blood and bodily fluids (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of precleaning and disinfecting surfaces between patients?

It may be less expensive than using surface barriers (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of the H1N1 Flu virus on the human body?

Respiratory disease (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of the Cytomegalovirus?

Through most body fluids (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge of precleaning and disinfecting surfaces?

It is a time-consuming process (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of the Herpes Zoster virus on the human body?

Causes herpes zoster or chickenpox and shingles (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to clean and disinfect surfaces in a dental setting?

To reduce the risk of infection (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of the Epstein-Barr Virus?

Through most body fluids (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of precleaning in a dental setting?

To remove bioburden (C) Signup and view all the answers

How long should a person wait after returning to North America before seeking dental treatment if they have been exposed to the Ebola virus?

21 days (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to use a variety of shapes and sizes of surface barriers?

To ensure a proper fit on all surfaces (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge of using surface barriers during dental treatment?

They may become dislodged during treatment (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is an advantage of using surface barriers in a dental setting?

They reduce the handling and storage of chemicals (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of disinfectant is capable of killing spores?

Sporicidal (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the first step in the 7-step process of instrument processing?

To transport contaminated instruments to the processing area (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of disinfectant is effective against a wide variety of microbes?

Synthetic phenol compounds (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a holding solution?

To temporarily store instruments before cleaning (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is alcohol not used in dentistry?

It is ineffective at removing bioburden (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a hands-free, mechanical process in instrument cleaning?

To reduce the risk of exposure to persons and the environment (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of disinfectant is an example of an intermediate level disinfectant?

Iodophors (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sterilization in instrument processing?

To completely eliminate all microorganisms from instruments (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using a rigid leak-proof container in instrument transportation?

To reduce the risk of exposure to persons and the environment (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of mouth mirrors and amalgam condensers?

For cleaning and basic disinfection procedures (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a unidirectional flow in an instrument processing area?

To prevent cross-contamination (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using steam autoclave for sterilization?

It does not corrode instruments (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the disadvantage of using unsaturated chemical vapour for sterilization?

It damages some plastic and rubber items (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using a dry heat oven for sterilization?

It does not corrode instruments (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using process integrators or multi-parameter indicators in sterilization monitoring?

To respond to the combination of pressure, temperature, and time (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using rapid heat transfer for sterilization?

It is a very fast process (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ultrasonic cleaner testing with 5x5 lightweight aluminum foil?

To test the effectiveness of the ultrasonic cleaner (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the disadvantage of using steam autoclave for sterilization of non-stainless steel instruments?

It may rust non-stainless steel instruments (B) Signup and view all the answers