Microbiology Quiz: Bacterial Structure and Processes

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Questions and Answers

What is the main component of bacterial flagella?

Tubulin

Actin

Flagellin (correct)

Myoglobin

What supports aerobic respiration in bacteria?

Cell wall and membrane

Cell wall and capsule

Cell wall and mesosome

Cell membrane and mesosomes (correct)

What is a plasmid integrated into bacterial DNA called?

Induction

Episome (correct)

Prophage

Provirus

What is the structure formed when the cell membrane invaginates into the cytoplasm?

Mesosome Signup and view all the answers

If a bacterial cell divides every 20 minutes, how long will it take to form 16 bacteria?

80 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacteria is methanogenic?

Archaeobacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between bacteria and viruses?

DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the virus that infects E. coli?

Bacteriophage Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pilus in bacterial conjugation?

To pass DNA from the donor to the recipient Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of conjugation in bacteria?

Production of new genetic combinations Signup and view all the answers

What is mutualism?

A relationship where both organisms benefit Signup and view all the answers

What is the ecological importance of bacteria?

They are highly adaptable and found almost everywhere Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the beneficial effects of bacteria in food production?

They are used to produce vaccines Signup and view all the answers

What role do bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle?

They fix nitrogen Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a bacterial mutualist?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the economic benefits of bacteria?

They are used in the production of vaccines Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the term 'antibiotics'?

Against life Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of chemotherapeutic agents and antibiotics?

To stop the growth of bacteria and other microbes Signup and view all the answers

What is microbicidal effect?

Kills the microbes immediately Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the misuse of antibiotics?

Increased drug resistance in microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when selecting an antibiotic?

Both its mode of action and possible adverse effects Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of antibiotics?

They are synthesized and secreted by bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and in the laboratory Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct way to use antibiotics?

Take dose at regular intervals and complete the treatment as advised by the doctor Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between microbicidal and microbistatic effects?

Microbicidal effect kills microbes, microbistatic effect inhibits their growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of photosynthesis in photosynthetic bacteria?

CH2O Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacteria can grow in the presence of oxygen?

Aerobic Bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of cell division in bacteria called?

Binary Fission Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria can grow in the absence of oxygen?

Spirochete Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the increase in number of bacterial cells?

Bacterial Growth Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria require a low concentration of oxygen for growth?

Microaerophilic Bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs in chemosynthetic autotrophs?

Oxidation of inorganic compounds Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for bacteria that can grow in both the presence and absence of oxygen?

Facultative Bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of transferring from lysogenic to lytic cycle?

Induction Signup and view all the answers

What type of heterotrophic organisms have an absorptive mode of nutrition?

Some fungi Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of using physical agents to control microorganisms?

Sterilization Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered an effective method for the prevention of smallpox in 1796?

Edward Jenner Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria is fully dependent on its host?

Parasitic Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the bacterial cell wall that differs between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?

Peptidoglycan Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of slime in bacterial pathogenicity?

Attaching to target sites Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of fungal spores that can survive extreme conditions?

Endospores Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bacterial Structure and Function

Bacterial flagella are made up of flagellin.
Mesosomes are formed by the invagination of the cell membrane into the cytoplasm.

Bacterial Respiration

Aerobic respiration in bacteria is supported by the cell membrane and mesosomes.
Bacteria can be divided into four groups based on their mode of respiration: aerobic, anaerobic, facultative, and microaerophilic.
Pseudomonas is an aerobic bacterium, while Spirochete is an anaerobic bacterium.
E. coli is a facultative anaerobic bacterium, and Campylobacter is a microaerophilic bacterium.

Bacterial Growth and Reproduction

Bacterial growth is the increase in the number of bacterial cells, which occurs through asexual reproduction.
Asexual reproduction in bacteria occurs through binary fission, where a prokaryotic cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
Conjugation is a form of sexual reproduction in bacteria, which allows for the transfer of genetic material and the production of new genetic combinations.

Importance of Bacteria

Bacteria are ecologically important due to their ability to decompose organic matter, recycle elements, and adapt to different environments.
Bacteria are economically important, with beneficial effects including food production, vaccine and antibiotic production, and use in biotechnology.
They also have harmful effects, such as causing disease in humans and animals.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics are chemotherapeutic substances used to treat infectious diseases.
They are synthesized and secreted by bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, and can be produced in the laboratory.
Antibiotics can be used to control bacterial growth, but their misuse can lead to drug resistance.

Control of Microorganisms

Physical agents can be used to control microorganisms, a process known as sterilization.
Vaccination and immunization are also used to control microorganisms and prevent disease.

Viruses

A virus that infects E. coli is called a bacteriophage.
Viruses can be transmitted through vectors such as mosquitoes, and can cause diseases such as smallpox and yellow fever.

Discovery

Edward Jenner discovered an effective method for the prevention of smallpox in 1796.

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Description

Test your knowledge of bacterial flagella composition, aerobic respiration, plasmid integration, and cell membrane structures. This quiz covers the basics of microbiology and bacteriology.