40 Questions
What is the main component of bacterial flagella?
Flagellin
What supports aerobic respiration in bacteria?
Cell membrane and mesosomes
What is a plasmid integrated into bacterial DNA called?
Episome
What is the structure formed when the cell membrane invaginates into the cytoplasm?
Mesosome
If a bacterial cell divides every 20 minutes, how long will it take to form 16 bacteria?
80 minutes
Which type of bacteria is methanogenic?
Archaeobacteria
What is the main difference between bacteria and viruses?
DNA
What is the name of the virus that infects E. coli?
Bacteriophage
What is the function of the pilus in bacterial conjugation?
To pass DNA from the donor to the recipient
What is the result of conjugation in bacteria?
Production of new genetic combinations
What is mutualism?
A relationship where both organisms benefit
What is the ecological importance of bacteria?
They are highly adaptable and found almost everywhere
What is one of the beneficial effects of bacteria in food production?
They are used to produce vaccines
What role do bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle?
They fix nitrogen
What is an example of a bacterial mutualist?
All of the above
What is one of the economic benefits of bacteria?
They are used in the production of vaccines
What is the meaning of the term 'antibiotics'?
Against life
What is the purpose of chemotherapeutic agents and antibiotics?
To stop the growth of bacteria and other microbes
What is microbicidal effect?
Kills the microbes immediately
What is the result of the misuse of antibiotics?
Increased drug resistance in microorganisms
What should be considered when selecting an antibiotic?
Both its mode of action and possible adverse effects
What is the origin of antibiotics?
They are synthesized and secreted by bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and in the laboratory
What is the correct way to use antibiotics?
Take dose at regular intervals and complete the treatment as advised by the doctor
What is the difference between microbicidal and microbistatic effects?
Microbicidal effect kills microbes, microbistatic effect inhibits their growth
What is the byproduct of photosynthesis in photosynthetic bacteria?
CH2O
Which type of bacteria can grow in the presence of oxygen?
Aerobic Bacteria
What is the process of cell division in bacteria called?
Binary Fission
Which bacteria can grow in the absence of oxygen?
Spirochete
What is the term for the increase in number of bacterial cells?
Bacterial Growth
What type of bacteria require a low concentration of oxygen for growth?
Microaerophilic Bacteria
Which process occurs in chemosynthetic autotrophs?
Oxidation of inorganic compounds
What is the term for bacteria that can grow in both the presence and absence of oxygen?
Facultative Bacteria
What is the process of transferring from lysogenic to lytic cycle?
Induction
What type of heterotrophic organisms have an absorptive mode of nutrition?
Some fungi
What is the process of using physical agents to control microorganisms?
Sterilization
Who discovered an effective method for the prevention of smallpox in 1796?
Edward Jenner
What type of bacteria is fully dependent on its host?
Parasitic
What is the main component of the bacterial cell wall that differs between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?
Peptidoglycan
What is the role of slime in bacterial pathogenicity?
Attaching to target sites
What is the type of fungal spores that can survive extreme conditions?
Endospores
Study Notes
Bacterial Structure and Function
- Bacterial flagella are made up of flagellin.
- Mesosomes are formed by the invagination of the cell membrane into the cytoplasm.
Bacterial Respiration
- Aerobic respiration in bacteria is supported by the cell membrane and mesosomes.
- Bacteria can be divided into four groups based on their mode of respiration: aerobic, anaerobic, facultative, and microaerophilic.
- Pseudomonas is an aerobic bacterium, while Spirochete is an anaerobic bacterium.
- E. coli is a facultative anaerobic bacterium, and Campylobacter is a microaerophilic bacterium.
Bacterial Growth and Reproduction
- Bacterial growth is the increase in the number of bacterial cells, which occurs through asexual reproduction.
- Asexual reproduction in bacteria occurs through binary fission, where a prokaryotic cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
- Conjugation is a form of sexual reproduction in bacteria, which allows for the transfer of genetic material and the production of new genetic combinations.
Importance of Bacteria
- Bacteria are ecologically important due to their ability to decompose organic matter, recycle elements, and adapt to different environments.
- Bacteria are economically important, with beneficial effects including food production, vaccine and antibiotic production, and use in biotechnology.
- They also have harmful effects, such as causing disease in humans and animals.
Antibiotics
- Antibiotics are chemotherapeutic substances used to treat infectious diseases.
- They are synthesized and secreted by bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, and can be produced in the laboratory.
- Antibiotics can be used to control bacterial growth, but their misuse can lead to drug resistance.
Control of Microorganisms
- Physical agents can be used to control microorganisms, a process known as sterilization.
- Vaccination and immunization are also used to control microorganisms and prevent disease.
Viruses
- A virus that infects E. coli is called a bacteriophage.
- Viruses can be transmitted through vectors such as mosquitoes, and can cause diseases such as smallpox and yellow fever.
Discovery
- Edward Jenner discovered an effective method for the prevention of smallpox in 1796.
Test your knowledge of bacterial flagella composition, aerobic respiration, plasmid integration, and cell membrane structures. This quiz covers the basics of microbiology and bacteriology.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
