Microbiology MEGATEST

Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 focuses of global health?

Why was Koch's work with anthrax important?

Who created the modern classification of living organisms?

What is True of the Three Domain System?

Which function is not essential for a microorganism in the environment?

Who discovered the existence of microorganisms?

Viruses can be visualized with light microscopy.

Which of the following is true? (multiple answers)

Which of the following is false about the spontaneous generation debate?

Which is true about abiogenesis?

What are limitations to Koch's postulates?

Griffith's experiment with type s and type R bacteria was the first part to the what discovery?

Which of the following is not one of the three building blocks of nuclei acids?

Which is true about purines?

Which type of bond links two sugars between two nucleotides?

Leading strand is made in the direction the fork is moving & the lagging strand is made by Okazaki fragments

Choose the correct order of stages for transcription.

During translation, the mRNA is read in group of 3 nucleotide bases – which are called exons

You send a sample out to the lab and the test you requested is to detect RNA in the sample. Which molecular test would do this?

Which is Not a Cellular Component of the Immune System?

Adaptive immunity generates general immune response, induced against a wide variety of pathogens/molecules

In order for a CD8+ T Cell to tell another CD8+ T cell to come help kill the bad guys, what would they use to do so?

You have a dog come into the clinic and their test comes back positive for the virus that causes kennel cough. Which MHC receptor would the CD8+ T cell bind to on the APC? Does this kill the cell or just send signals to activate other cells?

Which is not an organ of the Immune System?

The adaptive immune response is the first line of defense.

When the innate immune system is not functioning properly, you get chronic susceptibility to infection.

Which of the following is not a compliment pathway?

Which is not a phagocytic cell?

This is the order of phagocytosis? Chemotaxis-adherence-ingestion-digestion-elimination

A cat jumps over a fence and cuts his leg on the rusty fence. What immune response would immediately fight against the rust?

MHC class 1 binds to?

MHC class 1 is found

On an APC you will find?

Which is not a cardinal sign of inflammation?

What is involved with the MAC of the complement system (membrane attack complex)?

The complement system is part of the?

An adult feral cat comes into your clinic with a newly emerging mystery virus X which has caused a severe viral infection. You do not know what to do so you begin to run diagnostics. The owner used all his money on diagnostics and could not afford to do anything else. The cat goes home and a week later the cat has fully recovered. What type of immunity is acting in this situation?

Is it easier to make a vaccine against an endotoxin or exotoxin? Bonus Why?

What is the best explanation of quorum sensing?

A patient comes in showing signs of multiple-organ system failure, shock, and fever. Which type of virulence factor likely caused this?

Virulent gene factors transfer to other bacteria via a viral vector, which mechanism is this?

All bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan

Which of the following has a thick peptidoglycan layer with (lipo)teichoic acids?

Which is correct regarding Gram-negative bacteria?

The nucleoid contains genetic material for virulence

Which bacterial cell structure helps evade phagocytosis?

Which uses Zeihl-Neelsen (acid-base) staining?

Which of the following is the phase when there is a balance between death of cells and slow multiplication of cells?

You're counting bacteria and you're doing this by looking at how many visible masses are seen on top and within a medium. Which method is this?

Which is not a way to classify bacteria in polyphasic taxonomy?

If a microorganism is only able to multiply and transmit is by infecting and causing disease in a host, which type of pathogen is this?

Virulence, resistance, and survival are aspects to which parts of the infectious disease complex?

An infection always causes disease

Within infection, the step after entering a host is to trigger an inflammatory response

An infection will always lead to a carrier of the disease

Which phase is when the bacteria is multiplying but not yet contagious?

The onset of symptoms occurs at the end of which phase?

Bacteria make direct contact temporarily to transfer the genetic material from donor to recipient

Which is NOT a virulence factor?

A dog come into your clinic with signs of the flu. After diagnostics you suspect lepto because this organism is seen on a urinalysis. What virulence factor does this visually spirochete express?

A noobie forgets the alcohol step in gram staining. How would this affect your gram staining?

Which type of bacteria actually do contain sterols but no cell wall?

What is the first step in the formation of biofilm?

A Superantigen is a?

Which is the most important procedure to detect a bacterial agent?

In the lab, you use a specific media type to differentiate the bacteria and observe that half the plate is pink. Choose the type of agar used, and what caused it to turn pink, respectively.

Which test is used to detect LPS

Air filtration is sterilizing

All antibiotics are antimicrobials, and all antimicrobials are antibiotics

Choose the antimicrobial that inhibits protein synthesis

An antibiotic works against G+ and G- bacteria, this is a broad- spectrum

If you want to use an antimicrobial agent that will inhibit growth so your patient's immune system can complete elimination you would use what agent?

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is used for?

How would you recommend giving a Bordetella vaccine to a client's puppy?

Which is not a commensal in our equine species?

There is a pathognomonic diamond back lesion. What bacteria would have to cause this?

A farmer has released that his silage has gone spoiled. What clinical signs would you warn the farmer about in his cattle?

Why does my cat have Staphylococcus pseudointermedius and now has a terrible middle ear infection?

Your coworker's dog has been very lethargic and now your coworker has influenza-like symptoms. What's your top differential?

Match the parasites with their common names:

Match these terms:

Is this a direct or indirect life cycle and who is the final host?

The intermediate host of Leucochloridium paradoxum the parasitic trematode is most likely what animal? Bonus: What is the final host?

What does a parasite NOT use its host for?

E. Coli lives in the body regularly. It can cause problems when the host immunity is compromised. What type of pathogen does that make E. coli?

Which aquatic ectoparasitic is viviparous with a direct life cycle, two hooks, and is extremely pathogenetic to marine life?

What is a characteristic of trematode eggs used in diagnostics?

Digenea are flukes that have a ventral and oral sucker, often found in the digestive tract, but can occur throughout other organs of vertebrates

Trematodes hosts, DH and IH, are usually broad-spectrum aside from the 1st IH in some.

Which of the following is false about Trematodes?

Protozoa make up one natural group in the “tree of life"

Where does protozoan sexual reproduction take place in the indirect life cycle?

Which disease causes these clinical signs in poultry? Lethargy, yellow diarrhea, blackhead, appetite/weight loss, death

You have a 7-day old puppy with pale mucous membranes, dull, depressed, slight cough, and you run a PCV and realize there is anemia. What do you do?

How would I decrease nematode infections in my flock of sheep?

Ancylostoma caninum would cause what clinical sign in a healthy adult large breed dog?

A large breed healthy adult dog with a tapeworm or a hookworm infection would have severe clinical signs?

Which is true regarding cestode proglottids?

What is the main goal of a cestode larvae?

Taenia solium in a dead end host can cause?

Why would I treat the heathy adult cat or final host if I suspect a tapeworm infection?

T/F - A large breed healthy adult dog with a tapeworm or a hookworm infection would have severe clinical signs?

You are on a farm doing a physical exam on a horse. These are the clinical signs you see:

1. Ataxia: Lack of coordination, often seen in the limbs.
2. Weakness: Generalized muscle weakness, especially in the hindquarters.
3. Abnormal Gait: Horses may exhibit a wide-based stance or difficulty walking.
4. Lameness: May appear as a result of muscle weakness or incoordination.
5. Tremors: Muscle tremors, particularly in the face or limbs.
6. Altered Behavior: Changes in temperament or personality, including increased aggression or anxiety.
7. Difficulty Swallowing: This may lead to drooling or difficulty eating.
8. Facial Asymmetry: Uneven muscle tone in the face, often seen as drooping. 10.Seizures: In severe cases, horses may experience seizures.

As an intelligent vet you realizes this is probably EPM from S. neurona, so what is the final host?

Why do we deworm for tapeworms in vet med?

How does a human get NCC?

How does a human get NCC from tenia solium a pig cestode parasite

Parasites benefit from their hosts in several ways. Which of the following options describe a key survival advantage for parasites?

Which of the following best describes phoresis?

Which of the following statements is true regarding Acanthocephala?

What is trophic transmission in the context of parasitology?

Which of the following statements accurately describes Leucochloridium paradoxum?

T/F - helminths have a complete alimentary canal

What characteristic of Demodex mites makes them opportunistic ectoparasites?

Which of the following statements is true regarding Gyrodactylus species?

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Kingdom Protozoa?

How are protozoa primarily classified?

Which of the following statements correctly describes the different forms of zoites?

Which of the following statements best describes schizogony (merogony) in relation to pathogenicity?

What is the primary consequence of infection with Histomonas meleagridis in poultry?

How is Histomonas meleagridis primarily transmitted among poultry?

Which statement accurately describes Balantidium in the context of veterinary medicine?

How do Apicomplexa, such as Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, primarily move within their hosts?

Which of the following statements accurately describes the structure of Eimeria oocysts in protozoa?

Which of the following accurately describes Sarcocystis neurona in relation to equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM)?

How does Toxoplasma gondii influence the behavior of infected mice?

Which of the following statements accurately describes Babesia canis?

What is a significant clinical sign associated with Myxobolus cerebralis infection in fish, commonly known as whirling disease?

Which of the following accurately describes the effects of Kudoa infections in commercial fish species?

A dog with A. caninum would have what clinical signs?

What is a common mode of transmission for Ancylostoma caninum in puppies?

What are the general characteristics of nematodes?

What is true regarding the nematode life cycle?

What is not true regarding nematodes?

What is the primary purpose of larvae in organisms that develop a scolex, such as certain parasitic flatworms?

Which one is positive and negative sense with regards to viral RNA replication?

Which of the following statements accurately distinguishes horizontal transmission from vertical transmission?

What does the eclipse period refer to in the viral life cycle?

Which of the following statements best describes pathogenicity?

Which is incorrect about viruses?

An envelope is the lipid bilayer outer membrane surrounding the protein capsid

Which is not a type of genome architecture?

What is the basic subunit of the capsid?

A bacteriophage is helical in symmetry

Which of the following is an important viral reservoir due to human and animal health risks?

Which of the following best describes a reservoir for an infectious agent?

You walk into class and hug your bestie <3 but then they get you sick </3, this is likely an example of what transmission route?

A mommy cow passes a virus to her baby cow from feeding, this is an example of which transmission?

Which phase occurs following penetration of a virus into host cell?

Endocytosis requires passive transport for virus to be engulfed

Which viruses are capable of membrane fusion and cell lysis, respectively?

Most DNA viruses replicate in nucleus and most RNA viruses replicate in cytoplasm

Which is not an example of cell damage/death

Oncolytic viruses infect and kill bacteria

Which phase(s) are present within the latent period?

A virus is spreading to other organs/tissues within the blood, which type of viremia is this?

A viral disease often has persistent shedders that have a low level of constant or intermittent shedding, which pattern of infection is this?

Viruses can grow on artificial media

Which of the following represents the number of microbes required to cause infection on 50% of the animals

A way to detect a virus by both visualizing the viral proteins and also the viral antigens

Which virus replication cycle is this?

What Virus replication cycle is this?

What Virus replication cycle is this?

You go to a field call where a few cattle in the herd are showing acute clinical signs of a rhinitis (red nose), decreased appetite, and conjunctivitis. Which of the following virus would you consider as a differential?

The CAV2 live-attenuated vaccine only provides immunization for kennel cough

Which of the following viridae will have intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies as a hallmark of infection?

A local farmer asks you to visit the farm because one of his female breeding pigs had a stillbirth with mummified piglets, but she showed no clinical signs prior. Which disease process and viridae would you consider, respectively?

Which viridae have a tegument in its structure and normally causes latent infections

The enzootic nasal tumor virus and Jaagsiekte virus contain their own reverse transcriptase, integrase, and RNA polymerase II enzymes (they don't use them from host cell)

Which of the following is a gene that in the right circumstances can turn into a gene that potentially causes cancer

Which is the correct pairing

A sheep comes into your clinic with difficultly breathing and with what looks like an enlarged/swollen nasal cavity/nose. You order a CT scan and find a large mass within the nasal epithelium. Which virus would cause this?

You make a field call because a farmer is concerned for one of his cattle, upon physical exam you find lymphadenopathy and a protrusion of conjunctival membrane in their eyes – which virus would cause this?

Which virus is a USDA reportable disease- causing anemia, thrombocytopenia, fever, weight loss, and leg swelling . Caused by stable flies

Both feline leukemia and FIV can be vaccinated for

Negri bodies will be present in rabies virus, this virus infects what in the body

You're casually walking around in a country that has rabies and come across a roaming dog that is irritable, hyperresponsive to stimuli and seems disoriented, which phase of rabies is this

Small changes in genes over time is known as what and occurs in what genera

Which viridae is bullet shaped and which is filamentous, repectively?

You have a bull with “red nose” and with a fever and conjunctivitis. The farmer tells you that the bull was healthy two days ago at purchase. What would be the CAUSE of these clinical signs?

What is the hallmark of FPV?

You see this is a kitten. What virus?

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes Orf virus (Parapoxvirus) from Capripoxvirus?

Which of the following is true about Orf virus and Capripoxvirus?

Which clinical sign is commonly seen in dogs with canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2)?

What is true about African swine fever?

What animal is most susceptible to African swine fever in Africa?

What is in the nucleocapsid?

What is a virion

What are protomeres?

What are the two complex viruses?

What is the primary difference between a mechanical vector and a biological vector in the transmission of diseases?

Which of the following is an example of hematogenous spread of infection?

Which of the following best describes the five evolutionary stages of cross-species transmission of infectious diseases?

A cell must be what for a virus to be taken up AND replicate?

BVDV, Dengue, Zika and WNV are in what family?

What two enzyme do host cell NOT have?

What is true about Papillomavirus