Microbiology Unit 1: Microorganisms and Germ Theory
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of flagella in prokaryotic cells?

  • To facilitate cell-to-cell communication
  • To synthesize cell wall components
  • To aid in the movement of bacteria (correct)
  • To provide structural support

    • What is the term for the movement of water into a cell through a selectively permeable membrane?

  • Osmosis (correct)
  • Passive transport
  • Facilitated diffusion
  • Active transport

    • Which of the following scientists is credited with developing the Germ Theory of Disease?

  • Robert Koch
  • Ferdinand Cohn
  • Louis Pasteur (correct)
  • Ignaz Semmelweis

    • What is the term for the complex aggregations of microorganisms that adhere to surfaces and are resistant to antimicrobial agents?

    <p>Biofilms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the bacterial cell wall?

    <p>Peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the microorganisms that are able to survive in extreme environments?

    <p>Hypothermaphiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of traditional recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>To introduce genetic changes to an organism's genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Taq polymerase in PCR?

    <p>To amplify DNA sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of guide RNA in CRISPR?

    <p>To recognize and guide Cas-9 to the target DNA sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic shape of helical viruses?

    <p>Rod-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a plaque in microbiology?

    <p>To visualize viral growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of phage therapy over antibiotics?

    <p>Phage therapy targets specific bacterial populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ligase enzyme during DNA replication?

    <p>Repairing gaps between nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of creating an RNA copy from a DNA template?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fungal infection is characterized by the ability to exist in two different forms, depending on the environment?

    <p>Dimorphic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the genetic material that is actually expressed in an organism's traits?

    <p>Phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antihelminthic medication works by preventing the production of ATP in helminths?

    <p>Vermox</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of using helminths to treat certain medical conditions?

    <p>Helminthic therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the microorganisms that are normally present on or in a healthy individual?

    <p>Normal flora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which a pathogen evades the host's immune system?

    <p>Evasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a disease that can be transmitted from one individual to another?

    <p>Communicable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three stages of an infection?

    <p>Incubation, prodromal, and illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a pathogen that takes advantage of a host's compromised immune system?

    <p>Opportunistic pathogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the presence of microorganisms in the blood?

    <p>Bacteremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of helper T cells in the immune system?

    <p>To activate B cells and stimulate antibody production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules in the immune system?

    <p>To present antigens to T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of cytotoxic T cells?

    <p>They release cytotoxins that kill infected cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of interleukins in the immune system?

    <p>To activate T cells and stimulate an immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between natural and artificial immunity?

    <p>Natural immunity is acquired through infection, while artificial immunity is acquired through vaccination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of mRNA COVID vaccines?

    <p>They introduce a piece of genetic material that instructs cells to produce a protein, which stimulates an immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

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