Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does Staph Aureus look like?
What does Staph Aureus look like?
- A cluster of bananas
- A bundle of apples
- A single grape
- A bundle of grapes (correct)
Staph Aureus is gram positive.
Staph Aureus is gram positive.
True (A)
How can we identify Staph vs Strep?
How can we identify Staph vs Strep?
Catalase test
What is a catalase test?
What is a catalase test?
How do we know that this Staph is Staph Aureus after a gram stain and catalase test?
How do we know that this Staph is Staph Aureus after a gram stain and catalase test?
Staph is beta-hemolytic.
Staph is beta-hemolytic.
Staph Aureus ferments what?
Staph Aureus ferments what?
What is the main virulence factor for Staph Aureus?
What is the main virulence factor for Staph Aureus?
How does Protein A bind to immunoglobulins?
How does Protein A bind to immunoglobulins?
What does binding at the Fc region do?
What does binding at the Fc region do?
Where does Staph Aureus colonize?
Where does Staph Aureus colonize?
What inflammatory diseases are caused by Staph Aureus?
What inflammatory diseases are caused by Staph Aureus?
When else would you see endocarditis?
When else would you see endocarditis?
What is the most commonly affected valve in endocarditis?
What is the most commonly affected valve in endocarditis?
What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis in adults?
What is the most common cause of osteomyelitis in adults?
What are the toxin mediated diseases caused by Staph Aureus?
What are the toxin mediated diseases caused by Staph Aureus?
What is seen in Scalded Skin Syndrome?
What is seen in Scalded Skin Syndrome?
What is the most common cause of Toxic Shock Syndrome?
What is the most common cause of Toxic Shock Syndrome?
What does TSST stand for?
What does TSST stand for?
What is the mechanism of Toxic Shock Syndrome?
What is the mechanism of Toxic Shock Syndrome?
Why is Staph Aureus food poisoning rapid onset?
Why is Staph Aureus food poisoning rapid onset?
How does MRSA acquire its resistance?
How does MRSA acquire its resistance?
What is the treatment for MRSA?
What is the treatment for MRSA?
If the Staph Aureus is methicillin sensitive, what should you give?
If the Staph Aureus is methicillin sensitive, what should you give?
Flashcards
Staphylococcus Aureus
Staphylococcus Aureus
Appears in clusters, golden on Blood Agar, Gram-positive (violet under microscope).
Catalase Test
Catalase Test
Differentiates Staphylococcus from Streptococcus via enzyme production.
S. aureus Identification
S. aureus Identification
Identified by golden color on Blood Agar and positive result converts fibrinogen to fibrin.
Beta-Hemolytic Activity
Beta-Hemolytic Activity
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Mannitol Fermentation
Mannitol Fermentation
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Protein A
Protein A
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Colonization Site
Colonization Site
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S. aureus Diseases
S. aureus Diseases
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Endocarditis in IV Drug Users
Endocarditis in IV Drug Users
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Osteomyelitis Cause
Osteomyelitis Cause
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Toxin-Mediated Diseases
Toxin-Mediated Diseases
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Scalded Skin Syndrome
Scalded Skin Syndrome
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Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)
Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)
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Food Poisoning
Food Poisoning
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MRSA Resistance
MRSA Resistance
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MRSA Treatment
MRSA Treatment
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Study Notes
Staphylococcus Aureus Overview
- Staphylococcus aureus appears as clusters resembling grapes and produces a golden color on Blood Agar.
- It is classified as Gram-positive, displaying violet coloration under a microscope.
Identification Tests
- Catalase test differentiates Staphylococcus from Streptococcus.
- Staphylococcus aureus is identified by its golden coloration on Blood Agar and a positive coagulase test which converts fibrinogen to fibrin.
Hemolytic Activity
- Staphylococcus aureus is beta-hemolytic, fully breaking down red blood cells.
Metabolism and Fermentation
- It ferments mannitol, turning the agar yellow, characteristic of mannitol fermenters.
Virulence Factors
- The primary virulence factor is Protein A, which binds to the Fc region of immunoglobulins, inhibiting complement binding and preventing opsonization and phagocytosis.
Colonization Sites
- Commonly colonizes the nares (nostrils).
Associated Inflammatory Diseases
- Causes pneumonia, particularly post-viral bacterial pneumonia, and is the most common cause of septic arthritis, bad abscesses, acute bacterial endocarditis, and osteomyelitis.
Endocarditis in Specific Populations
- Endocarditis is frequently observed in IV drug users, with the tricuspid valve being the most affected.
Osteomyelitis
- Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of osteomyelitis in adults.
Toxin-Mediated Diseases
- Conditions include Scalded Skin Syndrome, Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS), and food poisoning.
Scalded Skin Syndrome
- Characterized by skin peeling due to protease activity.
Toxic Shock Syndrome Dynamics
- Most commonly caused by leaving packing in too long, TSS is mediated by the Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin (TSST), which acts as a superantigen, causing a cytokine storm.
Food Poisoning Characteristics
- Staphylococcus aureus food poisoning features rapid onset due to pre-formed toxins, with vomiting being a more common symptom than diarrhea.
Antibiotic Resistance
- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) acquires resistance by altering its penicillin-binding protein (PBP).
Treatment Protocols
- MRSA is commonly treated with Vancomycin; if methicillin-sensitive, Nafcillin is the recommended treatment.
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