Microbiology Exam 4: Antibiotics

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Questions and Answers

Match the following antibiotic targets with their respective drug classes:

50S subunit = Macrolides Folic Acid synthesis = Sulfamethoxazole Mycolic Acid synthesis = Isoniazid Eukaryotic microorganisms = Imidazoles

Match the following drugs with their primary use:

Miconazole = Fungal infections Mefloquine = Malaria treatment Ivermectin = Roundworm diseases Trimethoprim = Folic acid synthesis inhibition

Match the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance with their descriptions:

Persister cells = Survive antibiotic exposure Superbug evolutions = Resistant to multiple antibiotics Horizontal gene transfer = Gene sharing between bacteria Evolution = Population favoring resistant strains

Match the following statements with the corresponding implications of antibiotic resistance:

Selective pressure = Easier to kill bacteria die first Superbugs = Susceptible to few antibiotics Long term concerns = Ineffectiveness of many antibiotics Development of new antibiotics = High cost to identify and test Signup and view all the answers

Match the following drug classes with the specific type of microorganism they target:

Sulfamonamides = Bacteria Avermectins = Helminths Quinolines = Protozoa Lincosamides = Bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Match the medical terms with their definitions:

-itis = inflammation -oma = tumor -pathy = disease -emia = of the blood Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of noncommunicable diseases with their descriptions:

Inherited = a genetic disease Congenital = disease present at or before birth Degenerative = progressive loss of function Nutritional deficiency = impaired function due to lack of nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Match the periods of disease with their characteristics:

Incubation period = no signs or symptoms Period of Illness = signs and symptoms are most severe Prodromal period = initial symptoms as immune system activates Period of decline = signs and symptoms begin to decrease Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of diseases with their spread capabilities:

Infectious disease = caused by a pathogen Communicable disease = spread from person to person Contagious disease = dependent on pathogen transmission Noncommunicable disease = not spread between people Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms related to disease presentation:

Signs = objective and measurable Symptoms = subjective and experienced by the patient Asymptomatic = no noticeable signs or symptoms Neoplastic = abnormal growth Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of disease prevalence with their definitions:

Sporadic = Found at a low or expected frequency Endemic = Larger than normal number of cases in a short time Epidemic = Irregular intervals Pandemic = Spreads beyond a region and becomes widespread Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of infections with their characteristics:

Acute = Infected person gets sick quickly Chronic = Typically develops slowly and can recur Latent = Dormant with no symptoms Localized = Limited area of the body affected Signup and view all the answers

Match the following infection routes with their descriptions:

Respiratory = Entry through breathing Gastrointestinal = Entry through ingestion Sexually transmitted = Entry through sexual contact Parenteral = Entry through cuts or breaks in the skin Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to infection severity with their definitions:

Bacteremia = Presence of bacteria in the blood Septicemia = Bacteria growing and dividing in the blood Toxemia = Bacterial toxins in the blood Viremia = Viruses in the blood Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bacterial diseases with their causative organisms:

Tuberculosis = Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cholera = Vibrio cholerae Tetanus = Clostridium tetani Lyme disease = Borrelia burgdorferi Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sources of disease with their examples:

Humans = Primary infection in healthy individuals Animals = Source of zoonotic disease Nonliving = Environmental factors like water and soil Fomites = Surfaces that can carry disease Signup and view all the answers

Match the following viral diseases with their causative agents:

AIDS = Human Immunodeficiency Virus COVID-19 = SARS-CoV-2 Influenza = Orthomyxovirus Measles = Morbillivirus Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bacterial diseases with their symptoms:

Streptococcal pharyngitis = Throat pain and swollen lymph nodes Chlamydia = Pain or burning while peeing Tuberculosis = Cough with phlegm or blood Lyme disease = Red circular rash and fever Signup and view all the answers

Match the following viral diseases with their symptoms:

Chicken pox = Rash, fever, fatigue Ebola = Early fever and muscle pain COVID-19 = Fever or chills and cough Measles = Fever, cough, and rash Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bacterial infections with their respective symptoms:

Cholera = Diarrhea and dehydration Tetanus = Muscle spasms and stiffness Streptococcal pharyngitis = Fever Chlamydia = Abnormal discharge Signup and view all the answers

Match the following antibiotics with their respective modes of action:

Polymyxin = Plasma Membrane disruption Beta-lactams = Cell Wall synthesis Fluoroquinolones = DNA Synthesis inhibition Rifamycins = RNA Synthesis inhibition Signup and view all the answers

Match the following scientists with their contributions to antimicrobial research:

Alexander Flemming = Discovered penicillin in 1928 Dorothy Hodgkin = Analyzed chemical structures of natural products Selman Waksman = Identified antibiotics for tuberculosis Paul Ehrlich = Searched for the 'magic bullet' Signup and view all the answers

Match the following antibiotics with their specific types:

Daptomycin = Lipopeptide Vancomycin = Glycopeptide Ciprofloxacin = Fluoroquinolone Rifampin = Rifamycin Signup and view all the answers

Match the following antimicrobial groups with their target structures:

Bacitracin = Cell Wall Polymixins = Plasma Membrane Aminoglycosides = 30S ribosomal subunit Tetracyclines = 50S ribosomal subunit Signup and view all the answers

Match the following modes of action to their description:

Plasma Membrane disruption = Leads to cell death by disrupting outer membranes Cell Wall synthesis inhibition = Inhibits formation of peptide cross-links DNA Synthesis inhibition = Inhibits DNA gyrase for chromosome replication RNA Synthesis inhibition = Prevents transcription by inhibiting RNA polymerase Signup and view all the answers

Match the following antimicrobial mechanisms to their functions:

Folic Acid Synthesis = Metabolic pathway inhibition Mycolic Acid Synthesis = Inhibits lipid components in bacterial walls RNA Synthesis = Inhibits transcription processes DNA Synthesis = Prevents replication of genetic material Signup and view all the answers

Match the following antibiotics with the specific bacterial activities they inhibit:

Cephalosporins = Beta-lactam antibiotics Vancomycin = Inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis Ciprofloxacin = Inhibits DNA gyrase Tetracyclines = Prevents tRNA association with ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

Match the following antimicrobial types with their respective examples:

Aminoglycosides = Gentamicin Fluoroquinolones = Levofloxacin Glycopeptides = Teicoplanin Lipopeptides = Telavancin Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diseases to their descriptions:

MRSA = Antibiotic-resistant skin infection Uveitis = Inflammation of tissues surrounding the eye Ringworm = Fungal skin infection causing scaly patches Diphtheria = Respiratory disease with pseudomembrane formation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following organisms to their disease:

Mycoplasma pneumonia = Causes walking pneumonia Rhinovirus = Typical cause of the common cold Spirochaete = Causative agent of syphilis Listeria = Causes listeriosis, a food-borne infection Signup and view all the answers

Match the following disease effects with their respective conditions:

Syphilis = Stages include painless sore and rash Listeriosis = Dangerous for pregnant individuals Botulism = Food intoxication from low-acid foods Walking pneumonia = Similar presentation to common cold Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diseases with their transmission modes:

Diphtheria = Spread through respiratory droplets Syphilis = Sexually transmitted spirochaete infection Ringworm = Spread by skin-to-skin contact Listeriosis = Caused by contaminated food Signup and view all the answers

Match these types of pneumonia with their causes:

Walking pneumonia = Caused by Mycoplasma pneumonia Bacterial pneumonia = Can be caused by various bacteria Viral pneumonia = Commonly caused by influenza virus Aspiration pneumonia = Caused by inhalation of food or liquid Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diseases to potential complications:

Syphilis = May cause damage to the nervous system Uveitis = Can lead to permanent vision loss Listeriosis = Can result in infection of the baby Botulism = May lead to respiratory failure if severe Signup and view all the answers

Match the following food-related diseases with their characteristics:

Listeriosis = Food-borne infection that affects pregnant people Botulism = Caused by toxin in improperly canned food Salmonellosis = Caused by Salmonella bacteria from food E. coli infection = May come from undercooked meat or contaminated water Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Secondary infection

An infection that occurs when a person's immune system is already weakened by another illness.

Pandemic

An epidemic that spreads to many countries or continents.