24 Questions
What is the main objective of disinfection?
Killing most microorganisms, mainly the pathogenic ones
What is the term for chemicals used to kill microorganisms on the surface of skin and mucous membrane?
Antiseptics
Which method is commonly used to sterilize surgical instruments that can be damaged by moist heat?
Exposure to ethyl oxide gas
What is the term for the process of killing or removing all microorganisms, including bacterial spores?
Sterilization
What is the temperature used for autoclaving in sterilization?
121ºC
What is the purpose of filtration in sterilization?
To sterilize most intravenous solutions
What is the primary mechanism by which microorganisms are eliminated in the dry heat sterilization process?
Oxidation by carbonization
What is the typical temperature range used in modern dry heat sterilization?
176°C to 232°C
What is the temperature range for hot air oven sterilization?
160-180ºС
Which type of sterilization uses hot air with minimal or no moisture?
Dry heat sterilization
What is the primary purpose of incineration in sterilization?
To destroy pathological materials
What is the typical temperature range for autoclaving?
121-134°C
What is the purpose of using a Bunsen burner in sterilization?
To heat metal instruments for sterilization
Which of the following is NOT a method of dry heat sterilization?
Moist heat sterilization
What is the minimum time required for boiling to be effective against bacteria and viruses?
30 minutes
What type of instruments are typically sterilized using direct flame sterilization?
Platinum wire loops, forceps, and scissors
What is the principle behind filtration sterilization?
Filters hold back bacteria
What type of items can be sterilized using autoclaving?
Surgical instruments and laboratory equipment
What is the method used for sterilization of fluids that cannot withstand heat?
Radiation
What is the purpose of using silver nitrate in eye drops for newborn infants?
To prevent infections by Neisseria gonorrhea
What is the effect of ultra-violet rays on DNA in microorganisms?
It induces thymine dimmer in DNA
What is the use of mercuric salt, such as Methiolate?
As a preservation for sera, bacterial and viral vaccines
What is the purpose of using ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol?
As an antiseptic to sterilize thermometers and skin before injection
What is the use of phenols?
To sterilize surgical instruments and hospital floors
Learn about the basics of disinfection and sterilization in microbiology. Understand the definitions and types of sterilization and disinfectants. Review the key concepts covered in this lecture.
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