Microbiology: Disinfection & Sterilization Lecture 2

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What is the main objective of disinfection?

Killing most microorganisms, mainly the pathogenic ones (correct)

Killing all microorganisms, including bacterial spores

Killing microorganisms on the surface of skin and mucous membrane

Removing all microorganisms, including bacterial spores

What is the term for chemicals used to kill microorganisms on the surface of skin and mucous membrane?

Microbicides

Disinfectants

Antiseptics (correct)

Sterilizers

Which method is commonly used to sterilize surgical instruments that can be damaged by moist heat?

Filtration

Autoclaving

Radiation

Exposure to ethyl oxide gas (correct)

What is the term for the process of killing or removing all microorganisms, including bacterial spores?

Sterilization Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature used for autoclaving in sterilization?

121ºC Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of filtration in sterilization?

To sterilize most intravenous solutions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which microorganisms are eliminated in the dry heat sterilization process?

Oxidation by carbonization Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical temperature range used in modern dry heat sterilization?

176°C to 232°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature range for hot air oven sterilization?

160-180ºС Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sterilization uses hot air with minimal or no moisture?

Dry heat sterilization Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of incineration in sterilization?

To destroy pathological materials Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical temperature range for autoclaving?

121-134°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a Bunsen burner in sterilization?

To heat metal instruments for sterilization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of dry heat sterilization?

Moist heat sterilization Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum time required for boiling to be effective against bacteria and viruses?

30 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What type of instruments are typically sterilized using direct flame sterilization?

Platinum wire loops, forceps, and scissors Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle behind filtration sterilization?

Filters hold back bacteria Signup and view all the answers

What type of items can be sterilized using autoclaving?

Surgical instruments and laboratory equipment Signup and view all the answers

What is the method used for sterilization of fluids that cannot withstand heat?

Radiation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using silver nitrate in eye drops for newborn infants?

To prevent infections by Neisseria gonorrhea Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of ultra-violet rays on DNA in microorganisms?

It induces thymine dimmer in DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the use of mercuric salt, such as Methiolate?

As a preservation for sera, bacterial and viral vaccines Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol?

As an antiseptic to sterilize thermometers and skin before injection Signup and view all the answers

What is the use of phenols?

To sterilize surgical instruments and hospital floors Signup and view all the answers