Microbiology Chapter on Fermentation and Bacteria
42 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following compounds are produced by the fermentation of complex plant-derived carbohydrates?

  • Butyric acid (correct)
  • Nitric oxide
  • Ammonia
  • Phenol

    • Acetate is unrelated to obesity.

    False

    Name two neuroactive compounds found in the metabolites of undigested protein.

    Nitric oxide, Tryptamine

    Which of the following bacteria are considered obligate anaerobes?

    <p>Bifidobacterium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A high-fat diet promotes an increase in __________, which is a sulphite-reducing pathobiont.

    <p>Bilophila wadsworthia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following metabolites with their effects:

    <p>Nitric oxide = Vasodilation Sulphide-containing metabolites = Induce IBD Polyamines = Cell growth regulation SCFAs = Energy source for host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Facultative anaerobes can only survive in the presence of oxygen.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of oligosaccharides found in human milk for infants?

    <p>They promote the growth of bifidobacterial in the intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Breastfeeding for the first six months provides bioactive factors such as lysozyme, lactoferrin, and ______.

    <p>immunoglobulins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bacteria with their classification:

    <p>Enterobacteriaceae = Facultative anaerobes Bifidobacterium = Obligate anaerobes Veillonella = Obligate anaerobes Staphylococci = Facultative anaerobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of inclusions in cells?

    <p>To segregate certain cellular components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Endospores are capable of increasing the number of bacterial cells.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of forming endospores?

    <p>Sporulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gram-positive bacteria typically have a thick _________ layer that provides protection.

    <p>peptidoglycan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage comes last in the process of activating an endospore?

    <p>Outgrowth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the bacterial cell structures with their descriptions:

    <p>Inclusions = Formed by the aggregation of substances Endospores = Dormant cells formed in response to nutrient depletion Peptidoglycan = Mesh-like layer for structural support Sporulation = Process of forming endospores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Endospores can withstand exposure to heat and chemical disinfectants.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first stage of the process from endospore to active vegetative cell?

    <p>Activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria?

    <p>Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    LPS is primarily composed of protein.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) due to its effect on the immune response?

    <p>endotoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The O-side chain of LPS is also called the _____ because it elicits an immune response.

    <p>O antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the components of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with their descriptions:

    <p>Lipid A = Contains two glucosamine sugar derivatives with fatty acids and phosphate Core polysaccharide = Constructed of about 10 sugars O-side chain = Extends outwards from the core and contains unusual sugars Endotoxin = Stimulates the innate immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the core polysaccharide play in LPS?

    <p>Stabilizes the outer membrane structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    LPS can induce fever and shock in the host organism.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does LPS help protect pathogenic bacteria from host defenses?

    <p>By creating a permeability barrier and contributing to a negative charge on the bacterial surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of enterocytes in the GI tract?

    <p>Absorb nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Goblet cells are mainly involved in the absorption of nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What layer of connective tissue lies underlying the epithelium in the GI tract?

    <p>lamina propria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The major component of the intestinal mucus layer is _____, which is a hydrated gel.

    <p>MUC2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is produced by the action of bile salt hydrolase?

    <p>Deoxycholate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT considered a special anatomic structure of mucosal immunity in the GI tract?

    <p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    95% of bile acids are typically reabsorbed by the body.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nutrient is metabolized into trimethylamine (TMA)?

    <p>Choline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the cell type with its function in the gastrointestinal tract:

    <p>Enterocytes = Absorb nutrients Goblet cells = Produce mucus Epithelial cells = Form tight junctions Immune cells = Respond to pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pro-inflammatory cytokines can stimulate mucin gene expression in goblet cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bile acids are synthesized by enzymes in the ______.

    <p>liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the tight junctions between epithelial cells in the GI tract prevent?

    <p>Migration of microbes into the lamina propria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following bacteria with their role in bile salt metabolism:

    <p>Bacteroides = Deconjugation of bile acids Eubacterium = Deconjugation of bile acids Clostridium = Deconjugation of bile acids Actinobacteria = Minor role in bile salt metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant health risk is associated with the microbial conversion of choline?

    <p>Cardiovascular diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is produced from dietary choline along with promoting adipose tissue inflammation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one consequence of increased levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) in the body.

    <p>Promotes atherosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    There is no text provided to generate study notes from. Please provide the text or questions.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Description

    This quiz explores the fascinating world of microbiology, focusing on fermentation processes, bacterial classifications, and the benefits of oligosaccharides in human milk. Test your knowledge on neuroactive compounds, anaerobic bacteria, and key metabolites. A perfect way to solidify your understanding of these essential biological concepts.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser