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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of the coarse adjustment knob on a compound microscope?
What is the purpose of the coarse adjustment knob on a compound microscope?
Advanced compound microscopes do not require any external light source.
Advanced compound microscopes do not require any external light source.
True
What are the three types of magnification available on a microscope?
What are the three types of magnification available on a microscope?
Scanning, Low, and High
The total magnification of a microscope is calculated by multiplying the ocular magnification by the __________ magnification.
The total magnification of a microscope is calculated by multiplying the ocular magnification by the __________ magnification.
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Match the following microscope types with their characteristics:
Match the following microscope types with their characteristics:
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What is one of the major roles of microbes in waste management?
What is one of the major roles of microbes in waste management?
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Non-pathogenic microbes can be harmful.
Non-pathogenic microbes can be harmful.
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What type of gas is primarily produced by certain microbes during their metabolic processes?
What type of gas is primarily produced by certain microbes during their metabolic processes?
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Microorganisms can assist in the manufacturing of _____ used in food products.
Microorganisms can assist in the manufacturing of _____ used in food products.
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Match the following microorganisms with their respective roles:
Match the following microorganisms with their respective roles:
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Which process is NOT associated with microbes in food manufacturing?
Which process is NOT associated with microbes in food manufacturing?
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Microbes can contribute to bioremediation efforts.
Microbes can contribute to bioremediation efforts.
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Name one beneficial interaction between microbial communities.
Name one beneficial interaction between microbial communities.
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What type of organism produces organic compounds primarily?
What type of organism produces organic compounds primarily?
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Molds and mushrooms are unicellular organisms.
Molds and mushrooms are unicellular organisms.
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What is the total magnification formula used in microscopes?
What is the total magnification formula used in microscopes?
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The lens ability to distinguish two points is known as the ______.
The lens ability to distinguish two points is known as the ______.
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Which type of microscope uses immersion oil to reduce light refraction?
Which type of microscope uses immersion oil to reduce light refraction?
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Match the following types of microscopy with their descriptions:
Match the following types of microscopy with their descriptions:
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A light microscope uses only one type of lens to magnify objects.
A light microscope uses only one type of lens to magnify objects.
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What is the refractive index?
What is the refractive index?
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Which type of microscope uses electrons to scan the surface of specimens?
Which type of microscope uses electrons to scan the surface of specimens?
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The eyepiece of a microscope is fixed and cannot be changed for different magnifications.
The eyepiece of a microscope is fixed and cannot be changed for different magnifications.
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What type of specimens might be used with a Transmission Electron Microscope?
What type of specimens might be used with a Transmission Electron Microscope?
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The total magnification of a microscope is determined by multiplying the magnification of the eyepiece and the ________.
The total magnification of a microscope is determined by multiplying the magnification of the eyepiece and the ________.
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Match the parts of a microscope with their functions:
Match the parts of a microscope with their functions:
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What common magnification does the eyepiece of a microscope have?
What common magnification does the eyepiece of a microscope have?
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Stage clips are used to hold the slide in place on the stage.
Stage clips are used to hold the slide in place on the stage.
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What is the purpose of the diaphragm in a microscope?
What is the purpose of the diaphragm in a microscope?
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What is the total magnification when using a 10x eyepiece and a 40x objective lens?
What is the total magnification when using a 10x eyepiece and a 40x objective lens?
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Francesco Redi demonstrated that spontaneous generation occurs.
Francesco Redi demonstrated that spontaneous generation occurs.
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Who was the first person to observe microorganisms?
Who was the first person to observe microorganisms?
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Robert Hooke published a book called ______, which featured drawings of biological materials.
Robert Hooke published a book called ______, which featured drawings of biological materials.
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Match the following individuals with their contributions:
Match the following individuals with their contributions:
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Which magnification corresponds to the Low Power field of a microscope?
Which magnification corresponds to the Low Power field of a microscope?
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Scanning magnification is 10x.
Scanning magnification is 10x.
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In what year did Hans and Zacharias Janssen create the first compound microscope?
In what year did Hans and Zacharias Janssen create the first compound microscope?
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Who constructed the first electron microscope?
Who constructed the first electron microscope?
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Louis Pasteur's experiments with swan-necked flasks proved that microorganisms can arise by spontaneous generation.
Louis Pasteur's experiments with swan-necked flasks proved that microorganisms can arise by spontaneous generation.
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What significant development did Carl Zeiss and Ernst Abbe contribute to microscopy?
What significant development did Carl Zeiss and Ernst Abbe contribute to microscopy?
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Staining that uses more than one stain to distinguish different features of microorganisms is called __________.
Staining that uses more than one stain to distinguish different features of microorganisms is called __________.
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Match the types of stains with their descriptions:
Match the types of stains with their descriptions:
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What is a smear in microbiology?
What is a smear in microbiology?
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Gram-negative bacteria are more susceptible to penicillin compared to Gram-positive bacteria.
Gram-negative bacteria are more susceptible to penicillin compared to Gram-positive bacteria.
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What is the purpose of a mordant in staining?
What is the purpose of a mordant in staining?
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The cationic chromophore in a basic dye is __________ charged.
The cationic chromophore in a basic dye is __________ charged.
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Which process is used to fix microbes to a slide?
Which process is used to fix microbes to a slide?
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Study Notes
Microbiology BIOL333
-
Course Information:
- Professor: Dr. Rana El Hajj
- Email: [email protected]
- Attendance is mandatory
- Assessment 1 (Midterm): 30% of final grade
- Assessment 2 (Presentations): 20% of final grade
Topics in the Assignment
- Bacterial Interactions: An application on bacterial interactions in the environment; including quorum sensing.
- Pathogenic Bacteria: An application on a pathogenic bacterium in the human body; and its virulence factors.
- Hand Sanitizers: How do they kill microbes? Are they safe?
- Pasteurization: Pasteurization of milk, types of bacteria killed, types remaining.
- Biofilms: Biofilms in Hospitals, examples, and effects on health.
- Cholera: Cholera updates
- Bioremediation: Principle and an application about it.
Introduction to the Microbial World
- Classification: Organisms were previously classified into animal or plant kingdoms.
- Woese's System: Carl Woese developed a new classification system based on molecular and cellular characteristics.
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Domains: Three domains:
- Eubacteria: Bacteria with peptidoglycan cell walls
- Archaea: Prokaryotes without peptidoglycan cell walls
- Eucarya: Organism in the kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
What is Microbiology?
- Definition: The study of microorganisms (usually less than 1 mm in diameter) and their activities.
- Excluded Entities: Viruses, viroids, and prions are not considered organisms.
- Prokaryotes: Bacteria and archaea
- Eukaryotes: Algae, fungi, and protozoa
Microbiology Themes
- Basic Microbiology: Disease-related (etiology, epidemiology, infection control), environmentally-related and industrially-related
- Applied Microbiology: By organism, by process (microbes and their roles)
Measurement Units
- Units of Measurement: Includes nanometers (nm), micrometers (µm), millimeters (mm).
Comparison of Domains
- Bacteria, Archaea, and Eucarya: Comparison based on size, nuclear membrane, cell wall composition, and cytoplasmic structures (mitochondria, chloroplasts, and cytoskeleton).
Eukaryotic Members
- Algae, Fungi and Protozoa: A comparison of the various types within these groupings based on cell organization, energy source, and size; a breakdown of species within the groups.
History of Microbiology
- Early Discoveries: Robert Hooke described fungi and protozoa. Antony van Leeuwenhoek observed bacteria and yeast, and created powerful microscopes with limited resolution.
- Spontaneous Generation: Italian naturalist Spallanzani provided evidence that life does not spontaneously arise.
- Germ Theory: Pasteur provided strong arguments with his 'swan-necked flask' experiments.
- Koch's Postulates: A set of criteria to link a microbe to a specific disease.
- Other discoveries: The discovery of viruses, antibiotics and the development of other laboratory techniques and procedures.
Microbiology and the Lab
- Koch's Postulates: Steps for identifying diseases and their causes (description and detailed diagram)
- Microbial Laboratory Techniques: Techniques for staining, culturing, and working with pure cultures, and the importance of aseptic techniques.
- Microbial Growth Media: Use of culture media to grow microbes in the lab.
Microorganisms and Food
- Food Preservation: How microorganisms can be used to preserve foods (e.g., tempeh).
- Food Manufacture: How microorganisms assist in food manufacturing (e.g., cheese, bread.)
- Energy: How microorganisms are involved in energy production (e.g., methane production).
- Environmental Applications: Use in water treatment and waste management.
Microbes and Disease
- Microbial Diseases: Overview of how some microbes cause diseases.
Naming and Classifying Microorganisms
- Scientific Names: The binomial system of nomenclature (e.g., Escherichia coli).
- Classification Levels: Hierarchical levels from domain to species, focusing on microbial types.
Types of Eukaryotes
- Protozoa: Unicellular organisms, gaining energy through absorption or ingestion of organic chemicals. They can move using pseudopods, cilia, or flagella.
- Algae: Unicellular or multicellular organisms, performing photosynthesis, and have cellulose cell walls
- Fungi: Eukaryotic, obtaining energy through organic chemicals; molds and mushrooms are multicellular.
- Multicellular Animal parasites: Like flatworms and roundworms.
Microscopy
- Compound Light Microscope: Magnification techniques, resolution, contrast, refractive index, and immersion oil use.
- Types of Microscopes: Light, stereoscopic, SEM, and TEM microscopes; advantages and disadvantages of each
- Parts of a Microscope: Detailed descriptions of different parts, their functions, and how they work together.
- Types of Stains: Gram staining, Acid-fast stain, and differential stains - descriptions, procedures and uses.
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Description
Test your understanding of key concepts in Microbiology BIOL333, covering topics such as bacterial interactions, pathogenic bacteria, and bioremediation. This quiz will assess your knowledge of microbial classification, the effects of hand sanitizers, and more, helping you prepare for your assessments. Be ready to dive deep into the microbial world!
