Podcast
Questions and Answers
1665 Published the book MICROGRAPHIA – the first book on ______
1665 Published the book MICROGRAPHIA – the first book on ______
microscopy
Coined the term ______
Coined the term ______
cell
Developed first vaccine of ______ using COWPOX virus
Developed first vaccine of ______ using COWPOX virus
smallpox
Demonstrated that ______ is transmitted by contaminated water
Demonstrated that ______ is transmitted by contaminated water
Signup and view all the answers
Identifies the bacterium that causes ______
Identifies the bacterium that causes ______
Signup and view all the answers
Developed Gram Stain technique for classifying ______
Developed Gram Stain technique for classifying ______
Signup and view all the answers
The double helix structure of DNA was proposed in ______
The double helix structure of DNA was proposed in ______
Signup and view all the answers
Discovered restriction enzymes that can cut DNA at specific sequence in ______
Discovered restriction enzymes that can cut DNA at specific sequence in ______
Signup and view all the answers
Invented the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique for amplifying DNA in ______
Invented the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique for amplifying DNA in ______
Signup and view all the answers
Developed the CRISPR-Cas9 system, a powerful tool for genome editing in ______
Developed the CRISPR-Cas9 system, a powerful tool for genome editing in ______
Signup and view all the answers
The Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes Covid 19 is detected in China and trigger global pandemic in ______
The Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes Covid 19 is detected in China and trigger global pandemic in ______
Signup and view all the answers
The Human Genome project and Celera Genomics announce the completion of the draft sequence of the human genome in ______
The Human Genome project and Celera Genomics announce the completion of the draft sequence of the human genome in ______
Signup and view all the answers
Microbiology is the study of ______
Microbiology is the study of ______
Signup and view all the answers
Microorganisms are too ______
Microorganisms are too ______
Signup and view all the answers
Microbes either live in a population or attached to a surface in a ______
Microbes either live in a population or attached to a surface in a ______
Signup and view all the answers
Some microorganisms are pathogenic, meaning they are ______-causing
Some microorganisms are pathogenic, meaning they are ______-causing
Signup and view all the answers
Linnaeus system is used for naming and ______ microorganisms
Linnaeus system is used for naming and ______ microorganisms
Signup and view all the answers
Each microorganism has two names: Genus and Specific ______
Each microorganism has two names: Genus and Specific ______
Signup and view all the answers
The specific epithet is written in ❑case
The specific epithet is written in ❑case
Signup and view all the answers
______ia coli is named after Theodor ❑
______ia coli is named after Theodor ❑
Signup and view all the answers
Staphylococcus aureus is known for its ❑ colored colonies
Staphylococcus aureus is known for its ❑ colored colonies
Signup and view all the answers
Archaea are ❑ cells that lack peptidoglycan
Archaea are ❑ cells that lack peptidoglycan
Signup and view all the answers
Eukaryotes may move using pseudopods, cilia, or ❑
Eukaryotes may move using pseudopods, cilia, or ❑
Signup and view all the answers
Viruses are replicated only in living ❑ cells
Viruses are replicated only in living ❑ cells
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Microbiology Milestones
- Micrographia (1665): The first book on microscopic observation, pioneering the study of small organisms.
- Term Coinage: The term "cell" was coined, fundamentally changing biological sciences.
- First Vaccine: Edward Jenner developed the first vaccine for smallpox using the cowpox virus.
- Waterborne Diseases: John Snow demonstrated that cholera is transmitted via contaminated water, influencing public health practices.
- Bacteriology Advances: Robert Koch identified the bacterium causing anthrax, establishing methods for linking pathogens to diseases.
- Gram Stain Technique: Developed by Hans Christian Gram for classifying bacteria based on cell wall composition.
Genetic Discoveries
- Double Helix Discovery: The structure of DNA was proposed in 1953 by James Watson and Francis Crick, revealing the molecular basis of heredity.
- Restriction Enzymes: Discovered in the 1970s, these enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences, crucial for genetic engineering.
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): Invented by Kary Mullis in 1983, this technique amplifies DNA, revolutionizing genetic analysis.
- CRISPR-Cas9 Development: A powerful genome editing tool developed in 2012, enabling precise modifications of DNA sequences.
Public Health and Genomics
- COVID-19 Pandemic: SARS-CoV-2 was detected in China in late 2019, initiating a global pandemic that highlighted the impact of viruses on society.
- Human Genome Project: Announced completion of the draft sequence of the human genome in 2001, which advanced biological research and medicine.
Microbiology Basics
- Definition: Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, organisms that are typically too small to be seen without a microscope.
- Size of Microorganisms: Microorganisms are often microscopic, existing in various environments.
- Microbial Habitats: They can inhabit populations or be attached to surfaces in biofilms.
- Pathogenesis: Some microorganisms are pathogenic, meaning they can cause diseases in humans, animals, or plants.
Taxonomy and Classification
- Linnaean System: This system is utilized for naming and classifying microorganisms based on shared characteristics.
- Nomenclature: Each microorganism has a binomial name consisting of the genus and specific epithet.
- Capitalization Rules: The specific epithet is written in lowercase.
- E. coli: An example of a bacterium named after Theodor Escherich, known for its role in intestinal flora and some pathogenic strains.
- Staphylococcus aureus: Known for its golden-colored colonies, associated with a variety of infections.
Cell Types and Microorganism Behavior
- Archaea Characteristics: These are prokaryotic cells that lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls, distinguishing them from bacteria.
- Eukaryotic Mobility: Eukaryotes can move using structures like pseudopods, cilia, or flagella.
- Virus Replication: Viruses can only replicate within living host cells, showcasing their dependence on host organisms for survival.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, viruses, and parasitic worms. Explore the foundations of modern biotechnology and the various specialized fields within microbiology including virology, mycology, bacteriology, and more.
