Microbiology and Parasitology Chapter 1 Quiz

Discoveries and Theories

• Alexander Fleming is credited with the discovery of Penicillin.
• Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden proposed the Cell Theory.
• Aristotle is known for the concept of Spontaneous Generation.
• Louis Pasteur used a swan-neck flask to disprove Spontaneous Generation.
• Paul Ehrlich developed the concept of 'Magic Bullet' in medicine.
• Robert Koch proposed Koch's Postulates to establish a causal relationship between microorganisms and diseases.

Pathogenicity and Disease

• Virulence refers to the quantitative ability to cause disease.
• Opportunistic pathogen refers to the ability of a pathogen to cause disease in an immunocompromised individual.
• Invasiveness is the term for the ability of a pathogen to invade and spread within a host.
• Indirect transmission involves the transfer of pathogens from inanimate objects such as surfaces or medical equipment.
• Outbreak describes the occurrence of a disease at a higher frequency than expected in a specific area or population.

Immune System and Immunity

• Natural killer cells are part of the innate immune system that kill virus-infected cells and tumor cells.
• Adaptive immunity results from vaccination or prior infection.
• Edward Jenner is credited with introducing the first vaccine against smallpox.
• IgM is the largest immunoglobulin and is associated with acute infection and allergy.
• Incubation period is the time between exposure to a pathogen and the appearance of symptoms of the disease.

Microbial World and Control

• Staphylococcus aureus is not a resident bacterial species of the human body.
• Salmonella Typhi is a pathogenic bacterium responsible for typhoid fever.
• Microbial growth can be affected by factors like temperature, pH, and nutrient availability.
• Disinfectants are used to kill microorganisms on inanimate surfaces.
• Heat sterilization is a physical method of controlling microorganisms.
• Culture is the gold standard in diagnosing most bacterial infections.
• MacConkey agar is used to differentiate lactose fermenters.