10 Questions
What is the main characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
They do not have a true nucleus
What is the composition of the bacterial cell wall?
Peptidoglycan
Which of the following viruses is an example of a DNA virus?
Herpesvirus
What is the mode of transmission for Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)?
Airborne and direct contact
What is the primary symptom of ocular herpes caused by Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)?
Redness, pain, and blurred vision
Which of the following bacteria is an example of a Gram-positive bacterium?
Staphylococcus
What is the replication cycle of viruses?
Attachment, penetration, uncoating, transcription, translation, assembly, release
Which virus causes epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (pink eye)?
Adenovirus
What is the primary mode of transmission for Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)?
Direct contact with infected secretions
Which of the following is a characteristic of viruses?
They can only replicate inside host cells
Study Notes
Microbiology and Parasitology
Bacteria
- Prokaryotic cells: no true nucleus, single circular chromosome
- Cell wall: peptidoglycan (also known as murein)
- Shapes: spherical (cocci), rod-shaped (bacilli), spiral (spirochaetes)
- Metabolism: aerobic or anaerobic, autotrophic or heterotrophic
- Examples:
- Gram-positive: Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus
- Gram-negative: Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas
Viruses
- Non-living particles, can only replicate inside host cells
- Consist of genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by protein coat (capsid)
- Transmission: direct contact, contaminated food and water, vectors (insects)
- Replication: attachment, penetration, uncoating, transcription, translation, assembly, release
- Examples:
- DNA viruses: herpesviruses, adenoviruses, papovaviruses
- RNA viruses: picornaviruses, flaviviruses, retroviruses
Viral Infections of the Skin
-
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Causes cold sores (HSV-1) and genital herpes (HSV-2)
- Transmission: direct contact with infected secretions
- Symptoms: painful blisters, fever, headache
-
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)
- Causes chickenpox and shingles
- Transmission: airborne, direct contact
- Symptoms: itchy rash, fever, headache
Viral Infections of the Eyes
-
Adenovirus
- Causes epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (pink eye)
- Transmission: direct contact, contaminated water
- Symptoms: redness, discharge, swelling, blurred vision
-
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Causes ocular herpes
- Transmission: direct contact with infected secretions
- Symptoms: redness, pain, blurred vision, corneal ulcers
Learn about the characteristics of bacteria, viruses, and their roles in various infections, including skin and eye infections.
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