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Questions and Answers
What is the main characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
What is the main characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
- They have multiple circular chromosomes
- They are only aerobic
- They do not have a true nucleus (correct)
- They have a true nucleus
What is the composition of the bacterial cell wall?
What is the composition of the bacterial cell wall?
- Cellulose
- Lipids
- Peptidoglycan (correct)
- Chitin
Which of the following viruses is an example of a DNA virus?
Which of the following viruses is an example of a DNA virus?
- Herpesvirus (correct)
- Flavivirus
- Picornavirus
- Retrovirus
What is the mode of transmission for Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)?
What is the mode of transmission for Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)?
What is the primary symptom of ocular herpes caused by Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)?
What is the primary symptom of ocular herpes caused by Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)?
Which of the following bacteria is an example of a Gram-positive bacterium?
Which of the following bacteria is an example of a Gram-positive bacterium?
What is the replication cycle of viruses?
What is the replication cycle of viruses?
Which virus causes epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (pink eye)?
Which virus causes epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (pink eye)?
What is the primary mode of transmission for Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)?
What is the primary mode of transmission for Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)?
Which of the following is a characteristic of viruses?
Which of the following is a characteristic of viruses?
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Study Notes
Microbiology and Parasitology
Bacteria
- Prokaryotic cells: no true nucleus, single circular chromosome
- Cell wall: peptidoglycan (also known as murein)
- Shapes: spherical (cocci), rod-shaped (bacilli), spiral (spirochaetes)
- Metabolism: aerobic or anaerobic, autotrophic or heterotrophic
- Examples:
- Gram-positive: Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus
- Gram-negative: Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas
Viruses
- Non-living particles, can only replicate inside host cells
- Consist of genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by protein coat (capsid)
- Transmission: direct contact, contaminated food and water, vectors (insects)
- Replication: attachment, penetration, uncoating, transcription, translation, assembly, release
- Examples:
- DNA viruses: herpesviruses, adenoviruses, papovaviruses
- RNA viruses: picornaviruses, flaviviruses, retroviruses
Viral Infections of the Skin
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Causes cold sores (HSV-1) and genital herpes (HSV-2)
- Transmission: direct contact with infected secretions
- Symptoms: painful blisters, fever, headache
- Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)
- Causes chickenpox and shingles
- Transmission: airborne, direct contact
- Symptoms: itchy rash, fever, headache
Viral Infections of the Eyes
- Adenovirus
- Causes epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (pink eye)
- Transmission: direct contact, contaminated water
- Symptoms: redness, discharge, swelling, blurred vision
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Causes ocular herpes
- Transmission: direct contact with infected secretions
- Symptoms: redness, pain, blurred vision, corneal ulcers
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