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Questions and Answers
What is the main characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
What is the composition of the bacterial cell wall?
Which of the following viruses is an example of a DNA virus?
What is the mode of transmission for Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)?
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What is the primary symptom of ocular herpes caused by Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)?
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Which of the following bacteria is an example of a Gram-positive bacterium?
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What is the replication cycle of viruses?
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Which virus causes epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (pink eye)?
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What is the primary mode of transmission for Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of viruses?
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Study Notes
Microbiology and Parasitology
Bacteria
- Prokaryotic cells: no true nucleus, single circular chromosome
- Cell wall: peptidoglycan (also known as murein)
- Shapes: spherical (cocci), rod-shaped (bacilli), spiral (spirochaetes)
- Metabolism: aerobic or anaerobic, autotrophic or heterotrophic
- Examples:
- Gram-positive: Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus
- Gram-negative: Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas
Viruses
- Non-living particles, can only replicate inside host cells
- Consist of genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by protein coat (capsid)
- Transmission: direct contact, contaminated food and water, vectors (insects)
- Replication: attachment, penetration, uncoating, transcription, translation, assembly, release
- Examples:
- DNA viruses: herpesviruses, adenoviruses, papovaviruses
- RNA viruses: picornaviruses, flaviviruses, retroviruses
Viral Infections of the Skin
-
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Causes cold sores (HSV-1) and genital herpes (HSV-2)
- Transmission: direct contact with infected secretions
- Symptoms: painful blisters, fever, headache
-
Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)
- Causes chickenpox and shingles
- Transmission: airborne, direct contact
- Symptoms: itchy rash, fever, headache
Viral Infections of the Eyes
-
Adenovirus
- Causes epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (pink eye)
- Transmission: direct contact, contaminated water
- Symptoms: redness, discharge, swelling, blurred vision
-
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Causes ocular herpes
- Transmission: direct contact with infected secretions
- Symptoms: redness, pain, blurred vision, corneal ulcers
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Description
Learn about the characteristics of bacteria, viruses, and their roles in various infections, including skin and eye infections.
