Microbiology and Infections
26 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the term for the invasion of the body by microorganisms?

  • Illness
  • Disease
  • Infection (correct)
  • Sickness
  • What is a characteristic of microorganisms?

  • They are always single celled
  • They can be single celled or multicellular (correct)
  • They are always multicellular
  • They are always visible to the naked eye
  • What type of microorganism is NOT mentioned in the content?

  • Viral
  • Fungal
  • Bacterial
  • Archaeal (correct)
  • What is a result of the invasion of the body by microorganisms?

    <p>Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of a microorganism?

    <p>It is microscopic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Broad spectrum antibiotics?

    <p>Effective against gram positive and gram negative bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a Broad spectrum antibiotic?

    <p>Tetracycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bacteria are susceptible to Broad spectrum antibiotics?

    <p>Gram positive and gram negative bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Broad spectrum antibiotics?

    <p>Narrow spectrum of activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another example of a Broad spectrum antibiotic besides Tetracycline?

    <p>Chloramphenicol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis for classifying antibiotics?

    <p>Spectrum of activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bacteria is Penicillin G effective against?

    <p>Gram positive bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a narrow spectrum antibiotic that acts on gram negative bacteria?

    <p>Gentamicin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of narrow spectrum antibiotics?

    <p>Effective against a specific type of bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are antibiotics classified based on their spectrum of activity?

    <p>Into two categories: narrow and broad spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of antibiotic resistance?

    <p>The ability of microorganisms to resist the effects of antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the development of antibiotic resistance?

    <p>The ability of microorganisms to acquire genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of genetic changes in microorganisms that lead to antibiotic resistance?

    <p>Acquired or temporary/durable change in the genetic information of the microorganism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do microorganisms acquire genetic information that leads to antibiotic resistance?

    <p>Through spontaneous mutations or horizontal gene transfer from one organism to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of antibiotic resistance on microorganism treatment?

    <p>Treatment becomes more challenging and may require alternative antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common gastrointestinal problem associated with certain antibiotics?

    <p>Nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Sulbactam in antibiotic treatment?

    <p>To inhibit the activity of Beta-Lactamase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common blood disorder associated with certain antibiotics?

    <p>Blood disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Beta-Lactam ring in Tazobactam?

    <p>It is essential for the inhibition of Beta-Lactamase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of cross-reactivity between Cephalosporins and Penicillin?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of combining Sulbactam with antibiotics?

    <p>To protect antibiotics from degradation by Beta-Lactamase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Infection

    • Infection is the invasion of the body by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites, causing disease.

    Microorganisms

    • Microorganisms are microscopic living organisms that can be single-celled or multicellular.

    Classification of Antibiotics

    • Antibiotics can be classified according to their spectrum of activity:
      • Narrow spectrum antibiotics: Effective against either Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria, e.g. Penicillin G (effective against Gram-positive bacteria) and Gentamicin (effective against Gram-negative bacteria).
      • Broad spectrum antibiotics: Effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, e.g. Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol.

    Antibiotic Resistance

    • Antibiotic resistance occurs when microorganisms develop the ability to resist the effects of antibiotics previously used to treat them.
    • This can occur due to genetic changes that lead to drug resistance, allowing microorganisms to adapt and survive in the presence of antibiotics.

    Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance

    • Resistance can be acquired through the acquisition or mutation of genetic information, allowing bacteria to survive in the presence of antibiotics.
    • The development of resistance is influenced by the ability of bacteria to undergo spontaneous mutations or transfer genetic information from one organism to another.

    Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors

    • Beta-lactamase inhibitors, such as clavulanic acid, inhibit the activity of beta-lactamase enzymes, which can break down antibiotics.
    • Tazobactam contains a beta-lactam ring, but does not have antibacterial activity or cause significant side effects; instead, it binds to beta-lactamase, protecting the antibiotic from degradation.

    Side Effects of Cephalosporins

    • Cephalosporins can cause gastrointestinal problems, such as nausea and diarrhea, and blood disorders.
    • There is a 10% cross-reactivity between cephalosporins and penicillin, which can cause allergic reactions.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Learn about the different types of microorganisms, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and how they cause infections and diseases in the human body.

    More Like This

    Poultry Disease Infections
    22 questions

    Poultry Disease Infections

    TrustyFlashback3801 avatar
    TrustyFlashback3801
    Microbiology: Non-invasive Bacteria Infections
    25 questions
    Viral Infections in Humans
    35 questions

    Viral Infections in Humans

    FastTropicalIsland avatar
    FastTropicalIsland
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser