Microbiology and Immunology Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of memory lymphocytes in the immune system?

  • To prevent autoimmune diseases
  • To eliminate all commensal microorganisms
  • To initiate immediate responses to pathogens
  • To generate a rapid response upon re-infection (correct)

    • Which of the following correctly describes dysbiosis?

  • A balanced state of microbiome with no inflammation
  • A genetic error in immune function
  • An increase in the number of red blood cells
  • A state leading to immunoactivation and potential inflammation (correct)

    • What is the role of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the immune system?

  • They store memory lymphocytes
  • They are essential for generating all red and white blood cells (correct)
  • They do not contribute to any blood cell formation
  • They only produce myeloid cells

    • Which type of cell is least abundant in the total leukocyte count in healthy individuals?

    <p>Basophil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a characteristic of innate immunity?

    <p>Presence of memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is immunity defined as?

    <p>The state of protection against foreign pathogens or substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did humans first appear in the evolutionary timeline in relation to other organisms?

    <p>0.2 million years ago</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is NOT included in the topics related to adaptive immunity?

    <p>Innate immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of vaccination in the immune system?

    <p>To prepare the immune system to combat an infectious agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does post-infection memory in the immune system provide?

    <p>Protection against future illnesses from the same pathogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does sickness contribute to the immune system?

    <p>It provides protection against future illnesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity is involved in the development of antigen receptors and MHC?

    <p>Adaptive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following members is NOT listed in the teaching staff?

    <p>Dra.Judy Owen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage reduction in cases of smallpox was observed post-vaccine?

    <p>100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune response is characterized by a rapid reaction to infections?

    <p>Innate immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases had the highest annual cases before vaccination?

    <p>Measles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of tolerance in the immune system?

    <p>To prevent destruction of host tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which response does the immune system adapt to become more effective with each subsequent infection?

    <p>Secondary response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pathogens is a type of fungus?

    <p>Candida albicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is true about the adaptive immune response?

    <p>It is diverse and adapts during the response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases had a post-vaccine annual case count of 1?

    <p>Tetanus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune system component is primarily involved in the adaptive response?

    <p>B and T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the innate immune response?

    <p>It has a fixed response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between dysbiosis and the immune system?

    <p>Dysbiosis is linked with immunoactivation leading to inflammation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the response of memory lymphocytes upon re-infection?

    <p>They provide a faster and more significant immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly defines the role of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in immunity?

    <p>HSCs are a source for all red and white blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition does immune dysfunction present as a result of a primary genetic loss of function?

    <p>Immunodeficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a consequence of intentional immunodeficiency in medical practices?

    <p>Facilitation of transplant acceptance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the immune system protect against?

    <p>Foreign pathogens or substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evolutionary timeline position do humans occupy compared to other organisms?

    <p>Humans appeared recently in relation to other organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of vaccination in the immune system?

    <p>To prepare the immune system for future infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is retained by the body after post-infection?

    <p>A memory of the pathogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the course focuses on the immune system's connection to microbiology?

    <p>Introduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is NOT associated with sickness in relation to the immune system?

    <p>Weakens the immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about adaptive immunity is correct?

    <p>It involves antigen receptors and MHC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT form part of the course structure?

    <p>Practical exams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage reduction in cases of measles was observed post-vaccine?

    <p>99.98%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease had a post-vaccine annual case count of 964?

    <p>Pertussis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature of the adaptive immune response as compared to the innate immune response?

    <p>Ability to adapt and improve with repeated exposures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes a feature of immune tolerance?

    <p>Prevents anti-self recognition molecules from circulating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathogen type is categorized as a parasite?

    <p>Filaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does immunity interconnect the innate and adaptive systems?

    <p>Innate immunity provides immediate barriers that improve adaptive responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a similarity between the primary and secondary immune responses?

    <p>Both result in memory cell formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune response is characterized by cellular and soluble components working together?

    <p>Systemic immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases saw a complete cessation of cases due to vaccination?

    <p>Rubella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of random rearrangements in the immune system?

    <p>To create diverse B and T cell receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Immune System Overview

    • The immune system protects against foreign pathogens (antigens).
    • Immunity is the state of protection against foreign pathogens (antigens).

    Microbiology and Immunology Course Details

    • Course: Microbiology and Immunology
    • ECTS: 7
    • Theory sessions: (number varies, according to the data provided)
    • Seminars: (9)
    • Practical sessions: Immunology (4), Microbiology (4)
    • Teaching staff includes: Dr. Verónica Veses (Microbiology Theory), Dr. Chirag Sheth (Immunology Theory), Dra. Antonella Locascio (Microbiology Practicals), Dr. Slaven Erceg (Immunology Practicals and Seminars).

    Topics

    • Introduction
    • Innate Immunity
    • Adaptive Immunity
    • Antigen receptors
    • MHC
    • Adaptive immunity development
    • Adaptive immunity effector responses
    • Sickness and health

    Textbook Information

    • Kuby Immunology, Eighth Edition (2019)
    • Authors: Judy Owen, Jenni Punt, Sharon Stranford
    • ISBN: 9781464189784
    • Course Textbook

    Session 1: Immune System and Microbiology

    • Focuses on the links between the immune system and microbiology.

    Vaccination Effectiveness

    • Disease data shows significant reductions in cases following vaccination across various illnesses (e.g., Smallpox, Diphtheria, Measles, Mumps).

    Pathogen Types

    • Viruses (e.g., Rotavirus)
    • Bacteria (e.g., Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
    • Fungi (e.g., Candida albicans)
    • Parasites (e.g., Filaria)

    Immune Response Adaptation

    • Immune responses are tailored to different pathogens and locations in the body.

    Mammalian Immune Response

    • Recognition (Germ-line encoded, randomly generated)
    • First response (Barriers, chemical, cellular)
    • Second response (Cellular, soluble molecules)
    • Adaptation (Randomness, variation [directed and random])
    • Local (Cellular Barrier)
    • Systemic (Soluble components, complement)

    Cellular Response in Immunity

    • Generation of diversity
    • Deletion
    • Clonal selection and expansion
    • Stem cell interactions

    Immune Tolerance

    • Tolerance prevents the immune system from destroying host tissue.
    • Random receptor rearrangements can lead to anti-self recognition.
    • Tolerance keeps these anti-self recognition molecules from circulating.

    Innate and Adaptive Systems Interconnection

    • Innate (Minutes to hours; same each time; limited, fixed; barriers, phagocytes; PRRs)
    • Adaptive (Days; more rapid, adapts; diverse; T- and B--cells, antibodies, specific receptors)

    Immune Memory

    • Adaptive immunity possesses immune memory.
    • Memory lymphocytes are generated after encounters.
    • Re-infection leads to faster and greater responses.
    • Innate immunity does not have memory

    Immune Dysfunction

    • Overactivity (Misdirected responses, allergies, autoimmune disease)
    • Immunodeficiency (Primary, Secondary)
    • Transplantation (Rejection prevention)
    • Cancer (Anti-self immune responses, overcoming tolerance)

    Immunity and Microbiome

    • Commensal microorganisms contribute to metabolic homeostasis and immune homeostasis.
    • Dysbiosis links to immune activation & inflammation.
    • Microbiology and immunology are linked.

    Session 2 Preparation

    • Questions for further study: Cytoplasmic signaling molecules function, functions of TNF, three principle transcription factors in antigen-dependent T-cell activation and their functions.

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    Related Documents

    The Power of the Immune System PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamentals of the immune system, covering key concepts such as innate and adaptive immunity, antigen receptors, and the development of immune responses. It is designed for students enrolled in the Microbiology and Immunology course, highlighting important topics from the Kuby Immunology textbook. Test your knowledge and understanding of how the immune system protects against foreign pathogens.

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