Microbiology and Cytology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of collecting sputum specimens?

To identify specific microorganisms and their drug sensitivities (correct)

To evaluate heart function

To assess hydration levels in the patient

To measure blood pressure effectively

How many early morning specimens are typically required for cytology testing?

One specimen only

Two specimens on alternate days

Five specimens throughout the day

Three consecutively collected specimens (correct)

What is a crucial step to ensure the quality of sputum specimens?

Asking the client to spit into the container

Insisting on collecting the specimen at night

Coughing up 4 to 10 mL of sputum (correct)

Avoiding mouth care before collection

For which condition is the serial collection of acid-fast bacillus (AFB) specimens performed?

To identify tuberculosis (TB) Signup and view all the answers

What personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential for sputum collection in suspected tuberculosis cases?

Gloves and respiratory protection Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if the sputum specimen container becomes contaminated?

Disinfect the container before proceeding Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration during pre-test assessment for urine specimen collection?

Whether the client has eaten in the last 8 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is crucial in the collection of sputum specimens?

Collecting the specimen after a cough Signup and view all the answers

During the intra-test phase, what is the nurse’s primary responsibility when collecting a specimen?

Providing emotional and physical support to the client. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to explain the purpose of the collection to the client?

To gain the client’s cooperation and alleviate anxiety. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following steps is NOT part of post-test activities?

Administering medications. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended amount of urine to collect for a clean voided specimen?

10 mL Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary action to prevent invalid test results when collecting any specimen?

Ensuring proper labelling of the specimen. Signup and view all the answers

Which instruction is NOT appropriate for urine specimen collection?

Place toilet tissue in the bedpan after defecation Signup and view all the answers

Which patient preparation step is essential before urine sample collection?

Informing the patient to avoid caffeine. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a 24-hour urine collection?

To assess kidney function Signup and view all the answers

When should the nurse provide instructions for specimen collection?

Before the collection begins. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common reason to collect stool specimens?

To analyze dietary products and digestive secretions. Signup and view all the answers

Prior to collecting a 24-hour urine specimen, the patient should be instructed to:

Discard the first urine of the collection period Signup and view all the answers

In urine testing, what should be ignored when assessing the test strip?

Color after 30 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant action to take after obtaining a capillary blood specimen?

Apply pressure to the prick site. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a specific test performed on urine?

Testing for heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What should be done first when starting a 24-hour urine collection?

Empty the bladder and save the urine Signup and view all the answers

How should the lid be placed on the specimen container after urine collection?

Put the lid lightly on the container Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following indicates a clean-catch urine specimen?

Urine is collected midstream Signup and view all the answers

What materials should be avoided when instructing a patient to defecate into a bedpan?

Toilet tissue Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Purpose of Specimen Collection

Culture and sensitivity tests identify specific microorganisms and their drug sensitivities.
Cytology involves the collection of three early morning specimens to detect lung cancer and determine specific cell types.
Acid-fast bacillus (AFB) tests require the collection of sputum over three consecutive days to diagnose tuberculosis (TB).
Specimen collection is used to assess the effectiveness of therapy.

Responsibilities in Sputum Collection

Provide mouth care to avoid contamination from oral microorganisms.
Instruct clients to breathe deeply and cough to obtain 4 to 10 mL of sputum.
Use gloves and PPE for suspected TB cases and ensure specimen integrity by preventing contact with the outside of the container.
Offer mouthwash after sputum collection to maintain oral hygiene.

Learning Outcomes

Discuss nursing responsibilities during specimen collection.
Explain the rationale behind collecting each type of specimen.
Describe techniques for collecting stool, urine, sputum, and throat specimens.
Demonstrate obtaining capillary blood specimens and collecting urine for culture using clean catch methods.

Introduction to Diagnostic Testing

Diagnostic tests provide critical information about patients.
Pre-test assessments focus on client preparation, including understanding biological, psychological, sociological, cultural, and spiritual contexts.
Essential considerations include the patient's pregnancy status and any necessary adjustments for testing procedures.

Intra-Test Responsibilities

Emphasize proper specimen collection while adhering to standard precautions and aseptic techniques.
Provide emotional and physical support during testing and monitor vital signs.
Ensure correct labeling, storage, and transport of specimens to prevent invalid results.

Post-Test Responsibilities

Focus on nursing care after testing, including comparison of previous and current results.
Modify nursing interventions based on test outcomes and report findings to appropriate team members.
Understand the importance of reporting critical test results as mandated by National Patient Safety Goals.

Capillary Blood Glucose Measurement

Identify glucose levels by collecting capillary blood specimens from the lateral aspect of the finger after cleaning the site.
Adhere to the steps of purpose, assessment, planning, equipment, implementation, and evaluation during the process.

Responsibilities in Specimen Collection

Comfort and secure the privacy and safety of clients during specimen collection.
Explain the purpose and ensure aseptic technique throughout the procedure.
Address factors such as medication that may affect test results, transport specimens promptly, and report abnormalities.

Stool Specimens

Purpose includes detection of occult blood, analysis of dietary products, and identification of parasites, bacteria, or viruses.
Instruct patients to defecate in a clean receptacle without contamination and to use minimal amounts for testing.
Ensure specimens are sent to the lab immediately to maintain integrity.

Urine Specimens

Collect clean voided urine for routine urinalysis, and require first morning urine for best results.
Ensure specimens contain no fecal contamination and are collected without toilet tissue contacting the specimen.
Specific guidelines should be followed for both standard and timed urine collections to guarantee accurate testing.

Timed Urine Specimens

Collection periods can range from 1-2 hours to 24 hours to assess kidney function and glucose metabolism.
Record pertinent information such as start and end times, and ensure all urine produced within the time frame is collected.

Urine Testing Procedures

Urine tests may assess specific gravity, pH, and the presence of glucose, ketones, protein, or occult blood.
Testing involves dipping a reagent strip and waiting for precise timing to compare color changes against a standard chart for accurate results.

Sputum Specimens

Follow specific procedures for sputum collection to ensure valid test outcomes.
Emphasize the importance of proper technique, timing, and specimen handling throughout the testing process.

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Description

This quiz covers essential aspects of microbiology and cytology including the identification of microorganisms, drug sensitivities, and the pathology of cells. Focused on specific techniques such as culture, sensitivity testing, and acid-fast bacillus collection methods, it is designed for students studying medical laboratory science.