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Questions and Answers
What is the basic unit of structure and function in living organisms?
What branch of biology deals with the study of structure and function of plant and animal cells?
Who observed a thin slice of cork under the microscope and saw structures which he called cells?
What is the term for a thin slice of any part of a structure?
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What type of section is obtained when a structure is cut along its length?
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What is the purpose of the mirror in a microscope?
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What is the formula to calculate magnification?
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What is the purpose of the condenser in a microscope?
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What is the function of the coarse and fine adjustors in a microscope?
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What is the result of observing cells under a microscope?
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What is the term used to describe the study of structure and function of plant and animal cells?
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Who is credited with the invention of the simplest microscope?
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What did Robert Hooke observe under the microscope in 1665?
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What is the purpose of the stage in a microscope?
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What is the function of the eyepiece lens in a microscope?
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What is the result of adjusting the coarse and fine adjustors in a microscope?
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What is the purpose of the objective lens in a microscope?
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What is the effect of observing cells under a microscope?
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What is the term for the ratio of observed size to actual size?
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What is the purpose of the condenser in a microscope?
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What is the significance of 1665 in the study of cells?
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What is the purpose of the lenses in a microscope?
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What is the difference between a longitudinal section and a transverse section?
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What is the function of the mirror in a microscope?
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What happens to cells when observed under a microscope?
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What is the purpose of the stage in a microscope?
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What is the term for the study of structure and function of plant and animal cells?
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What is the formula to calculate magnification power?
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What is the purpose of the objective lens in a microscope?
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What is the function of the eyepiece lens in a microscope?
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What is the maximum magnification that the best light microscope can achieve?
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Who formulated the cell theory?
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What is the main factor that determines the shape of a cell?
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What is the size range of most cells?
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What is the longest type of animal cell?
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What is the shape of a pigment cell of the skin?
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What is the size of the smallest cell, PPLO?
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What is the maximum magnification that can be achieved by a light microscope?
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What is the main factor that determines the shape of a cell?
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What is the range of sizes of most cells?
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What is the shape of a nerve cell?
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Who formulated the cell theory?
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What is the shape of a pigment cell of the skin?
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What is the size of the smallest cell, PPLO?
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What is the maximum magnification that can be achieved by the best light microscope?
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What is the size of the largest cell in the animal kingdom?
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Who formulated the cell theory?
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What is the shape of a muscle cell?
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What is the main factor that determines the shape of a cell?
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What is the size of the smallest cell, PPLO?
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What is the shape of a nerve cell?
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What is the maximum magnification achieved by the best light microscope?
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What is the size range of most cells?
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What determines the shape of a cell?
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What is the shape of a nerve cell?
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Who formulated the cell theory?
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What is the shape of a red blood cell?
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What is the size of the largest cell in the animal kingdom?
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What type of organisms are made up of a single cell?
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What is the main characteristic of a plasma membrane?
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What is the term for the living substance of the cell?
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What is the type of model that explains the structure and function of the plasma membrane?
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What is the type of organisms that viruses are considered to be?
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What is the term for the outermost layer of the cell?
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What is the main component of the plasma membrane?
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What is the thickness of the plasma membrane?
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What is the characteristic feature of unicellular organisms?
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What is the main component of a virus?
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What is the function of the plasma membrane in a cell?
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What is the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?
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What is the thickness of the plasma membrane?
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What is the term for the living substance of a cell?
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What is the main component of the plasma membrane?
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What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
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What is the function of the protein molecules in the membrane?
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What is the direction of movement of substances during diffusion?
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What is the term for the net diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane?
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What is the result of osmosis in a cell?
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What type of molecules can dissolve in lipids and cross a cell surface membrane without going through pores?
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What is the type of transport that does not require energy to move substances across a cell membrane?
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What is the function of the polysaccharides attached to the membrane proteins or lipids?
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What is the term for the movement of substances from their higher concentration to their lower concentration?
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What is the type of membrane transport that requires energy to move substances across a cell membrane?
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What is the result of endosmosis in a cell?
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What is the function of protein molecules in the cell membrane?
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What is the direction of movement of substances in diffusion?
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What is osmosis?
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What is the result of osmosis in a cell?
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Which type of molecules can dissolve in lipids?
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What is the function of polysaccharides attached to membrane proteins or lipids?
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What is the term for the movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
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What is the type of transport that does not require energy to move substances across the cell membrane?
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What is the result of endosmosis?
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What is the function of the lipid bilayer?
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What happens to a cell when it is placed in a hypotonic solution?
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What is the primary function of active transport?
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What type of membrane allows only the solvent to pass through?
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What is the main function of the cell wall?
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What is the composition of the cell wall in plants?
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What happens to a cell when it is placed in a hypertonic solution?
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What is the energy source for active transport?
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What is the function of transport proteins in active transport?
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What is the type of solution in which there is no net movement of water molecules?
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What is the middle lamella composed of?
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What is the main component of the cell wall in fungi?
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What is the term for the process in which the protoplasm of a plant cell separates from the cell wall?
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What is the outermost layer of a bacterial cell wall composed of?
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What is the fluid content of the cell inner to the plasma membrane and excluding the nucleus called?
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What is the function of cell organelles in eukaryotic cells?
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What is the term for the outer protective layer of a bacterial cell?
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What is the composition of the primary cell wall in plant cells?
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What is the term for the process of water moving out of a cell?
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What is the function of the cytosol in a cell?
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What is the term for the thick, tough covering found on some bacterial cells?
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What would happen to a cell when placed in an isotonic solution?
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What is the direction of water flow in a hypotonic solution?
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What process requires energy to move substances across the cell membrane?
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What is the main component of the cell wall in fungi?
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What is the term for the process of the protoplasm separating from the cell wall?
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What is the function of transport proteins in active transport?
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What type of membrane allows solvent and selected solutes to pass through?
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What is the function of the glycocalyx in some bacteria?
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What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?
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What is the term for the fluid content of the cell, excluding the nucleus?
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What is the composition of the cell wall in plant cells?
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What is the main component of the cell wall in eubacteria and cyanobacteria?
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What is the middle lamella composed of in plant cells?
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What is the term for the jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane?
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What is the purpose of the primary wall in plant cells?
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What is the term for small, membrane-bound structures within the cell?
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What is the function of exosmosis in cells?
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What is the term for the process of water leaving the cell, resulting in the protoplasm separating from the cell wall?
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What is the function of the slime layer in some bacteria?
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What is the term for the outermost layer of the cell?
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What is the main function of lysosomes in a cell?
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What is the name given to the process by which lysosomes break down and recycle old or damaged cellular components?
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What is the shape of lysosomes?
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What is the role of lysosomes in the digestion of microorganisms that enter the cell?
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Why are lysosomes sometimes called 'suicide bags'?
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What is the name given to the convex side of the Golgi apparatus that lies towards the nucleus?
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What is the result of autolysis in old cells?
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What is the function of lysosomes in the gradual disappearance of the tail in a tadpole during metamorphosis?
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What is the name of the scientist who first reported lysosomes in 1955?
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In which type of cells are lysosomes typically absent?
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What is the name given to ribosomes due to their function?
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What is the composition of ribosomes?
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What is the name of the type of ribosomes found in mitochondrial matrix?
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What is the name of the organelle that is a three-dimensional complicated and interconnecting system of membrane-lined channels?
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What is the function of smooth ER?
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What is the function of rough ER?
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Who discovered the Golgi apparatus?
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What is the structure of the Golgi body?
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What is the function of the Golgi body in cell plate formation?
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What is the shape of the cisternae in the Golgi body?
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What is the term given to ribosomes because of their unique structure?
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What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
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What are the two subunits of ribosomes in eukaryotes?
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Who discovered the Golgi apparatus?
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What is the function of the Golgi body?
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What is the term for a cluster of ribosomes attached to messenger RNA?
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What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
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What is the type of ribosome found in the mitochondrial matrix of mammals?
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What is the shape of the cisternae in the Golgi body?
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What is the function of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
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What is the direction of the concave side of the lysosome?
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When were lysosomes first reported?
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What is the function of lysosomes?
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What is the term for the process of lysosomes digesting old or dead cell organelles?
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What is the result of lysosomes bursting in a cell?
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What is the role of lysosomes in the removal of old cells?
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What is the significance of lysosomes in the metamorphosis of tadpoles?
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What is the shape of lysosomes?
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What is the function of the digestive enzymes in lysosomes?
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What is the term for the type of lysosome that engulfs bits of cytosol containing waste?
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What is the name given to mitochondria due to its role in energy production?
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What is the function of cristae in mitochondria?
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What is the name given to the small tennis racket-like particles on cristae?
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What would happen to a cell if mitochondria were absent?
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What is the name given to the fluid-filled central cavity of mitochondria?
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What is the function of ATP synthetase enzyme?
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What is the type of plastid that is colorless?
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What is the function of thylakoids in chloroplasts?
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What is the term used to describe the study of the structure and function of organelles?
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What is the term used to describe a membrane-bound, non-cytoplasmic sac?
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What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?
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What is the characteristic feature of the inner membrane of mitochondria?
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What is the role of ATP synthetase enzyme in mitochondria?
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What would happen to a cell in the absence of mitochondria?
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What type of plastid is involved in the synthesis of organic food?
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What is the function of thylakoids in chloroplasts?
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What is the main characteristic of vacuoles?
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What is the name of the fluid-filled central cavity surrounded by the inner membrane of mitochondria?
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What type of plastid is colorless and used to store proteins, oil, and starch?
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What is the function of cristae in mitochondria?
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What is the primary function of glyoxysomes in plant cells?
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What is the characteristic feature of sphaerosomes?
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What is the primary function of peroxisomes in animal cells?
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What is the role of catalase in peroxisomes?
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What is the main function of the cytoskeleton in a cell?
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What is the composition of microtubules?
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What is the function of microfilaments?
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What is the characteristic feature of intermediate filaments?
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What is the role of peroxisomes in plant cells?
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What is the purpose of microtubules during cell division?
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What is the primary function of glyoxysomes in plant cells?
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What type of organelles are sphaerosomes similar to?
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What is the main function of peroxisomes in animal cells?
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What is the primary function of the cytoskeleton in a cell?
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What is the composition of microtubules?
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What is the function of microtubules in plant cells?
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What is the composition of microfilaments?
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What is the diameter of intermediate filaments relative to microfilaments and microtubules?
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What is the function of peroxisomes in plant cells?
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What is the function of catalase in peroxisomes?
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What is the function of centrioles during cell division?
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What is the primary function of cilia?
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What are nucleic acids composed of?
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What is unique about the structure of flagella in prokaryotic bacteria?
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What is the function of a nitrogen base in a nucleotide?
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What is the difference between ribose and deoxyribose?
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How do cilia beat?
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What is a nucleoside composed of?
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What is the function of centrioles?
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What are the two types of nitrogen bases found in nucleotides?
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What is the pattern of microtubule triplets in a centriole?
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Where are centrioles typically found in an animal cell?
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What is the function of phosphoric acid in a nucleotide?
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In which type of cells are centrioles absent?
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What is the function of centrioles during cell division?
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What are nucleic acids composed of?
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What is a nucleotide?
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What are the two types of pentose sugars that occur in nucleotides?
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What is the main function of cilia in a cell?
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What is the structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella?
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What are nitrogen bases classified into?
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What is a combination of a nitrogen base with a pentose sugar known as?
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What is the arrangement of microtubules in a centriole?
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What are the two types of nucleic acids?
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Where are centrioles typically located in an animal cell?
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