Microbiology: Anaerobes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What characterizes obligate anaerobes?

  • They require a minimum of 5% oxygen concentration for growth.
  • They can survive in aerobic conditions.
  • Oxygen is toxic to them. (correct)
  • They use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor.

    • Which type of anaerobes can survive in the presence of oxygen but do not use it for energy production?

  • Aerotolerant anaerobes (correct)
  • Exogenous anaerobes
  • Obligate anaerobes
  • Facultative anaerobes

    • What is a common characteristic of anaerobes regarding oxygen levels?

  • Most can tolerate 3%-5% oxygen concentration. (correct)
  • They all require at least 10% oxygen for growth.
  • They thrive in high oxygen environments.
  • They can reproduce effectively in pure oxygen.

    • Where are anaerobes typically found in the human body?

    <p>In the intestinal tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an endogenous anaerobe?

    <p>Bacteroides fragilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anaerobic bacterium is known for causing tetanus?

    <p>Clostridium tetani</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method through which anaerobes generate energy?

    <p>Fermentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bacterial genera is NOT typically classified as an anaerobe?

    <p>Escherichia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the spores of Clostridium tetani commonly enter the body?

    <p>Through accidental puncture wounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which toxin produced by Clostridium tetani is highly lethal and stable?

    <p>Tetanospasmin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the earliest symptom of tetanus?

    <p>Trismus (lock jaw)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'opisthotonos' refer to in relation to tetanus symptoms?

    <p>A form of rigidity in the back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment options are available for a patient with tetanus?

    <p>Cleansing of wounds and antibiotic therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fatality rate associated with severe cases of tetanus?

    <p>10-70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organism is Clostridium tetani classified as?

    <p>Obligate anaerobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a form of tetanus characterized by spasms that spread upward along the spinal cord?

    <p>Ascending tetanus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is primarily associated with Clostridium perfringens?

    <p>Gas gangrene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT a predisposing factor for anaerobic cellulitis or myonecrosis?

    <p>High blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable virulence factor of Clostridium difficile?

    <p>Cytotoxin (Toxin B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following clinical signs is associated with gas gangrene?

    <p>Blackened necrotic tissue filled with bubbles of gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key management step for antibiotic-associated colitis caused by C. difficile?

    <p>Discontinue antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which toxin is associated with pseudomembranous colitis?

    <p>Toxin A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for diagnosing Clostridium difficile infection?

    <p>Stool sample toxin detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of individuals is at a higher risk for developing tetanus?

    <p>Agricultural workers and gardeners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended vaccination schedule for babies aged 1 to 3 months?

    <p>Three injections given 2 months apart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of food poisoning is caused by C.perfringens type A?

    <p>Watery diarrhea and acute abdominal pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the botulism toxin produced by C.botulinum?

    <p>It is a neurotoxic protein that causes flaccid paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common source of infant botulism?

    <p>Raw honey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the heat resistance of botulinum spores is true?

    <p>They can survive 100C for 3-5 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incubation period for foodborne botulism?

    <p>1-2 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common symptoms of botulism?

    <p>Diplopia and dysphagia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can reduce the heat resistance of botulinum spores?

    <p>Acid pH or high salt concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common clinical disease caused by Lactobacillus acidophilus?

    <p>Endocarditis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT appropriate for anaerobic culture specimen collection?

    <p>Blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of Lactobacillus acidophilus colonies when grown on SBA?

    <p>Pin-point alpha hemolytic colonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antibiotic resistance is commonly observed in Lactobacillus acidophilus?

    <p>Cephalosporins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism is considered the most pathogenic anaerobic cocci?

    <p>Finegoldia magna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done immediately upon arrival of a specimen for anaerobic culture in the lab?

    <p>Place it in an anaerobic chamber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for transporting anaerobic specimens?

    <p>Avoid exposure to oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used for Gram staining in anaerobic cultures?

    <p>Standard Gram stain method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What immediate effect does the germination of spores in the intestine have?

    <p>Releases a neurotoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT associated with infant botulism?

    <p>Severe headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary treatment method for botulism?

    <p>Type A, B, and E trivalent antitoxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What chronic condition is characterized by the formation of sinus tracts and fistulae?

    <p>Actinomycosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of discharge is typically associated with bacterial vaginosis?

    <p>Gray-white and malodorous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following functions does Lactobacillus perform in the female genital tract?

    <p>Lowers vaginal pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial genus is associated with an overgrowth in bacterial vaginosis?

    <p>Gardnerella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk factor for wound botulism?

    <p>Drug abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

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