Microbiology: Anaerobes Quiz

Bacteria that can replicate without oxygen.

Anaerobe that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.

Anaerobe that can tolerate oxygen but doesn't use it for energy production.

Anaerobe that can grow with or without oxygen, using oxygen if available.

Infection caused by anaerobes already present outside the body.

Infection caused by anaerobes already present inside the body.

Harmful effects of oxygen on anaerobes due to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

An environment with little to no oxygen.

A serious infection caused by anaerobic bacteria, leading to tissue damage, gas production, and potential death.

Bacteria that cause various diseases, including wound infections, food poisoning, and myonecrosis.

A bacterial marker potentially associated with gastrointestinal malignancy.

Inflammation of the colon caused by an antibiotic, often by C. difficile.

Microbes like C. difficile possess toxins (A & B) causing disease.

A serious nervous system infection, often caused by spores.

Conditions making one more vulnerable to infections in injuries, e.g., surgical sites, or diabetic wounds.

Stopping the antibiotic, administering metronidazole or vancomycin, often orally, is critical for managing the disease.

A serious neuromuscular disease caused by Clostridium tetani bacterium.

A bacterium that produces toxins causing tetanus.

The highly lethal toxin produced by Clostridium tetani, causing muscle spasms.

A symptom of tetanus; difficulty opening the jaw.

Severe back arching caused by tetanus.

Includes supportive care, antimicrobial drugs, muscle relaxants and antitoxin.

Time between infection and symptom appearance. Typically 4-10 days.

Immunization with tetanus toxoid (vaccine) and the use of immunoglobulin.

Vaccination of pregnant women protects newborns from tetanus.

Food poisoning caused by C. perfringens bacteria, leading to diarrhea and abdominal pain.

Neurotoxic proteins produced by C. botulinum bacteria preventing acetylcholine release.

Botulism caused by C. botulinum spores germinating and producing toxin in the body.

Diagnose by isolating the organism in food/faeces or detecting toxin in faeces/serum.

Foodborne botulism (1-2 day incubation) vs. Wound botulism (>4 days) and symptoms include diplopia, dysphagia etc.

Spores of this bacteria withstand high temperatures (100C for 3-5 hrs), but are less resistant to acid and high salt.

Symptoms typically appear 12–36 hours after toxin ingestion for food borne botulism.

A form of botulism caused by spores ingested by infants, leading to flaccid paralysis and weak sucking.

Botulism resulting from spores entering a wound, leading to symptoms similar to foodborne botulism.

Involves antitoxins, respiratory support, and penicillin, with attention to preserved foods.

A chronic infection with sinus tracts and fistulae, potentially with sulfur granules, often in the maxilla or female genital tract.

Vaginal infection caused by overgrowth of certain anaerobic bacteria, with a characteristic gray-white discharge.

Gram-positive bacteria vital for vaginal health, producing lactic acid to lower pH and prevent overgrowth of other bacteria.

Spores of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum present in common environments cause botulism.

Botulism causes flaccid paralysis, weakness, respiratory issues, and a decreased response in infants' sucking.

A type of bacteria commonly found in the mouth, gut, and female genital tract; often resistant to certain antibiotics.

Infections (e.g., peritoneal infections, septicemia, abscesses) caused by anaerobic gram-negative bacteria.

A pathogenic anaerobic coccus, often found in pure culture, involved in various infections.

Collecting samples for anaerobic bacteria with minimal exposure to oxygen, using a 2 tube system with O2-free environment and PRAS.

Moving samples to the lab while maintaining an anaerobic environment to prevent oxygen contact and preserve bacteria types.

Immediately processing anaerobic specimens in an anaerobic chamber to maintain and allow for visualization and culturing of bacteria types.

Cultivation of bacteria in the absence of oxygen to encourage growth and identification, which is necessary for successful treatment.

Specific body fluids (e.g., pus, pleural fluid, sputum) suitable for identifying anaerobic bacteria.