Microbiology 101 Quiz

<p>Resistance to drying and heat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacilli (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capsule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To serve as an essential component of the outer membrane and act as a virulence factor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microbiome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A complex of polysaccharide material is essential for its structure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microbiota refers to the community of microbes like bacteria, fungi, and viruses, and microbiome refers to their genetic material. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contain a nucleoid with a single circular chromosome and lack a nuclear membrane. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neisseria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staphylococcus aureus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA organized into linear chromosomes within a nucleus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rigid structures containing peptidoglycan and proteins. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Domain, Phylum, Class, Order (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moraxella (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To differentiate bacteria based on their cell wall structure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A thick peptidoglycan layer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To act as a mordant, setting the crystal violet dye within the bacterial cell wall. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To remove the crystal violet from Gram-negative cells with thin peptidoglycan layers. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Safranin. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pink or Red (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their cell walls contain a waxy layer of glycolipids and fatty acids. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The thickness of the peptidoglycan layer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-variable staining (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid tissue necrosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clostridioides difficile (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simultaneous muscle contraction and relaxation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ingestion of a neurotoxin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gram-positive rods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unrefrigerated rice dishes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutralizing antitoxin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To remove organic material and loose skin cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moist heat, such as in an autoclave (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Turn on water and wet hands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>N95 respirator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gloves, goggles, gown, mask, hands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To remove particulate matter from the air (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Perform hand hygiene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Turning off the lights (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Protein filaments used by bacteria for motility.

Spherical-shaped bacteria that can form clusters or chains.

Rod-like shaped bacteria that can be single or chain-like.

Hair-like appendages that help bacteria adhere to surfaces.

Dormant, durable forms of bacteria that resist harsh conditions.

A bacterium causing botulism, among the most resistant.

Component of Gram-negative bacterial outer membranes; acts as a virulence factor.

Polysaccharide layers that protect bacteria from immune responses.

The total genetic material of all microbes within or on the human body.

A group of microbial cells sticking to a surface, surrounded by a polysaccharide matrix.

Bacteria that end in '-coccus', including Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Enterococcus.

Bacteria including Neisseria and Moraxella; only two species in this group.

Bacteria that are rod-shaped excluding Gram-negative bacilli.

Prokaryotes have no true nucleus; eukaryotes have a true nucleus with a nuclear membrane.

System for naming and organizing organisms, starting from Domain to Species.

First name in scientific nomenclature, capitalized and either underlined or italicized.

Second name in scientific nomenclature, not capitalized and either underlined or italicized.

A genetic variant or subtype of a species, not italicized or underlined.

A method to classify bacteria into Gram-positive or Gram-negative based on cell wall properties and staining characteristics.

Bacteria with a thick peptidoglycan layer that stains purple during the Gram stain procedure.

Bacteria with a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane that stains pink/red after the Gram stain procedure.

The primary stain used in the Gram stain process, which has a positive charge that binds to negatively charged bacteria.

A mordant that interacts with crystal violet to form a complex that helps retain the dye in Gram-positive bacteria.

Step in the Gram stain where alcohol removes the crystal violet stain from Gram-negative bacteria due to their thin peptidoglycan layer.

A counterstain added after decolorization to visualize Gram-negative bacteria, which become pink/red at this stage.

The structural differences between Gram-positive (thick peptidoglycan) and Gram-negative (thin peptidoglycan and outer membrane) bacteria.

A device that uses steam under pressure for sterilization.

A process that heats liquids to kill harmful microbes.

Using fire to eliminate bacteria on instruments.

A type of radiation used to disinfect surfaces in labs.

Detergent used to remove germs and organic materials.

Personal protective equipment used to prevent infection.

The proper way to take off gloves to avoid contamination.

The practice of cleaning hands to prevent infection.

Low virulence organisms found in soil, water, and dust, can contaminate labs.

Anaerobic, large, box-car Gram-positive rods inhabiting soil and intestines.

Highly virulent bacterium causing anthrax in humans and animals.

Bacterium causing food poisoning from rice dishes due to spores surviving cooking.

Common cause of food poisoning; also causes gas gangrene after wounds or surgeries.

Bacteria that can overgrow and cause pseudomembranous colitis after antibiotics.

Causes tetanus through neurotoxins, leading to muscle spasms.

Bacterium that causes food botulism via neurotoxin ingestion from improperly processed foods.