Microbial Secondary Metabolites

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What is the primary amino acid involved in the biosynthesis of penicillin?

Valine

Cysteine

Phenylalanine

L-α-aminoadipate (correct)

What is the primary reason for adding phenyl-alanine or phenyl acetic acid during penicillin fermentation?

To enhance the growth of Penicillium chrysogenum

To increase the yield of penicillin

To produce only the desired penicillin G (correct)

To reduce the production of pigments

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Penicillium notatum?

Low yield of penicillin

High yield of penicillin

Production of pigments

Non-pigmented (correct)

What is the main advantage of using Penicillium chrysogenum mutants in penicillin production?

Increased yield of penicillin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a secondary metabolite produced by microorganisms?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of CaCO3 and KH2PO4 in penicillin fermentation?

To act as buffers to maintain pH Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using fungal spores for steroid transformation?

Simple medium and ease of product recovery Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of incubating Streptomyces spores with chloramphenicol?

Chloramphenicol inactivated Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal incubation time for spore-catalyzed chloramphenicol transformation activity?

12 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adding glucose or acetate to the spores during incubation?

Maximum activity is maintained Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of penicillin G acylase in biotransformation?

It transforms natural penicillin G to semi-synthetic penicillins Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using microbial fermentation for antibiotic production?

It reduces production costs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of penicillin acylase in the industrial production of β-lactam antibiotics?

To hydrolyze the side chain of penicillin G and related β-lactam antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between fermentation and biotransformation?

Fermentation is a metabolic process, while biotransformation is a chemical change in a compound Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following microorganisms is used in the industrial production of penicillin acylase?

Escherichia coli strain ATCC 11105 Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of penicillin acylase hydrolysis of penicillin G?

6-APA Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of enzymatic biotransformation in the industrial production of β-lactam antibiotics?

To convert penicillin G into semi-synthetic penicillins Signup and view all the answers

Microbial Secondary Metabolites

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