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Questions and Answers
Which type of work involves the synthesis of complex molecules?
Which type of work involves the synthesis of complex molecules?
What is the most commonly used form of cellular energy?
What is the most commonly used form of cellular energy?
Which compounds are produced by microorganisms for longer-term energy storage?
Which compounds are produced by microorganisms for longer-term energy storage?
What is the tendency to donate or accept electrons expressed as?
What is the tendency to donate or accept electrons expressed as?
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Which type of electron donors have low reduction potential?
Which type of electron donors have low reduction potential?
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What is the best electron acceptor in terms of potential energy?
What is the best electron acceptor in terms of potential energy?
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What is continuously hydrolyzed and resynthesized in cells?
What is continuously hydrolyzed and resynthesized in cells?
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What should you consider when analyzing microbial metabolism?
What should you consider when analyzing microbial metabolism?
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What is the best terminal electron acceptor in microbial metabolism?
What is the best terminal electron acceptor in microbial metabolism?
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Which type of bacteria is involved in nitrogen fixation and not photosynthesis?
Which type of bacteria is involved in nitrogen fixation and not photosynthesis?
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Where are cyanobacteria widely distributed?
Where are cyanobacteria widely distributed?
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What is the main function of heterocysts in cyanobacteria?
What is the main function of heterocysts in cyanobacteria?
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Which type of bacteria uses hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as an electron donor for photosynthesis?
Which type of bacteria uses hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as an electron donor for photosynthesis?
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What is the storage form of elemental sulfur (S) in purple sulfur bacteria?
What is the storage form of elemental sulfur (S) in purple sulfur bacteria?
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Which type of bacteria uses light for energy but uses an organic compound for carbon building blocks?
Which type of bacteria uses light for energy but uses an organic compound for carbon building blocks?
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In which type of bacteria do all four possible combinations of obtaining carbon and ATP exist?
In which type of bacteria do all four possible combinations of obtaining carbon and ATP exist?
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What do microorganisms play key roles in the cycling of?
What do microorganisms play key roles in the cycling of?
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Which type of bacteria can be a phototrophic component of lichens?
Which type of bacteria can be a phototrophic component of lichens?
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Where are extensive crusts of cyanobacteria often found?
Where are extensive crusts of cyanobacteria often found?
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Which type of microorganisms conserve energy from chemicals?
Which type of microorganisms conserve energy from chemicals?
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What is the main difference between chemoorganotrophs and chemolithotrophs?
What is the main difference between chemoorganotrophs and chemolithotrophs?
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Which process involves the reduction of an inorganic compound used as an electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration?
Which process involves the reduction of an inorganic compound used as an electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration?
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Which group of microorganisms can use hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as an electron donor?
Which group of microorganisms can use hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as an electron donor?
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Which type of bacteria can use hydrogen gas (H2) as an electron donor?
Which type of bacteria can use hydrogen gas (H2) as an electron donor?
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What is the main difference between anoxygenic and oxygenic phototrophs?
What is the main difference between anoxygenic and oxygenic phototrophs?
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Which group of microorganisms can use H2O as an electron donor for photosynthesis?
Which group of microorganisms can use H2O as an electron donor for photosynthesis?
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Which group of microorganisms can use H2S or H2 as electron donors for photosynthesis?
Which group of microorganisms can use H2S or H2 as electron donors for photosynthesis?
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Which type of bacteria can use lactate or pyruvate as electron donors for sulfur reduction?
Which type of bacteria can use lactate or pyruvate as electron donors for sulfur reduction?
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Which type of bacteria can grow autotrophically with H2 as the sole electron donor and O2 as the electron acceptor?
Which type of bacteria can grow autotrophically with H2 as the sole electron donor and O2 as the electron acceptor?
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Reduction of nitrate (NO3-) to nitrate (NO2-) at the last step of the electron transport chain in Pseudomonas is an example of:
Reduction of nitrate (NO3-) to nitrate (NO2-) at the last step of the electron transport chain in Pseudomonas is an example of:
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Oxidation of H2 in aerobic H2-oxidizing bacteria is mediated by and the proton motive force generates .
Oxidation of H2 in aerobic H2-oxidizing bacteria is mediated by and the proton motive force generates .
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Which of the following is NOT a substrate that sulfur-oxidizing bacteria commonly use to support growth?
Which of the following is NOT a substrate that sulfur-oxidizing bacteria commonly use to support growth?
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Microorganism that obtain energy from the oxidation of lactose would be categorized as:
Microorganism that obtain energy from the oxidation of lactose would be categorized as:
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Which of the following is NOT a terminal electron accepter in anaerobic conditions?
Which of the following is NOT a terminal electron accepter in anaerobic conditions?
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Dependent on the presence or absence of oxygen, pyruvate can be metabolized along two major routes?
Dependent on the presence or absence of oxygen, pyruvate can be metabolized along two major routes?
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Aerobic H2 oxidation is mediated by. , and energy is ultimately produced using. and ATPase?
Aerobic H2 oxidation is mediated by. , and energy is ultimately produced using. and ATPase?
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Study Notes
Organic Chemistry
- Synthesis of complex molecules involves work in organic chemistry
- ATP is the most commonly used form of cellular energy
Energy Storage
- Microorganisms produce glycogen, starch, and polyhydroxyalkanoates for longer-term energy storage
Electron Transfer
- Electron-donating tendency is expressed as reduction potential
- Electron donors with low reduction potential include hydrogen gas (H2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
- Oxygen (O2) is the best electron acceptor in terms of potential energy
Cellular Metabolism
- ATP is continuously hydrolyzed and resynthesized in cells
- When analyzing microbial metabolism, consider the electron donors, acceptors, and ATP yield
Microbial Metabolism
- Oxygen (O2) is the best terminal electron acceptor in microbial metabolism
- Nitrogen-fixing bacteria, such as cyanobacteria, are not photosynthetic
- Cyanobacteria are widely distributed in aquatic and terrestrial environments
Cyanobacteria
- Heterocysts are specialized cells in cyanobacteria that function in nitrogen fixation
- Green sulfur bacteria use hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as an electron donor for photosynthesis
- Purple sulfur bacteria store elemental sulfur (S) in the form of sulfur globules
Phototrophic Bacteria
- Some bacteria use light for energy but use organic compounds for carbon building blocks
- In some bacteria, all four possible combinations of obtaining carbon and ATP exist
- Microorganisms play key roles in the cycling of nutrients, including carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur
Chemotrophic Bacteria
- Chemolithotrophs conserve energy from chemicals, whereas chemoorganotrophs conserve energy from organic compounds
- The main difference between chemoorganotrophs and chemolithotrophs is the source of energy
Anaerobic Respiration
- Anaerobic respiration involves the reduction of an inorganic compound used as an electron acceptor
Electron Donors
- Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and hydrogen gas (H2) can be used as electron donors
- Sulfur-reducing bacteria can use lactate or pyruvate as electron donors for sulfur reduction
Autotrophic Growth
- Some bacteria can grow autotrophically with H2 as the sole electron donor and O2 as the electron acceptor
Nitrate Reduction
- Reduction of nitrate (NO3-) to nitrate (NO2-) is an example of anaerobic respiration in Pseudomonas
H2 Oxidation
- Oxidation of H2 in aerobic H2-oxidizing bacteria is mediated by hydrogenases and the proton motive force generates ATP
- Aerobic H2 oxidation is mediated by hydrogenases, and energy is ultimately produced using oxidative phosphorylation and ATPase
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Description
Test your knowledge on microbial metabolism and metabolic diversity in this quiz. Explore the various types of work microbial cells must perform to survive and reproduce. Challenge yourself with questions on chemical synthesis, nutrient transport, and mechanical functions.
