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Questions and Answers
Which type of microorganisms derive their energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds?
Which type of microorganisms derive their energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds?
What is the final electron acceptor in the oxidation reactions of aerobic chemolithotrophs?
What is the final electron acceptor in the oxidation reactions of aerobic chemolithotrophs?
Which of the following bacteria oxidize ammonia to nitrite and nitrate?
Which of the following bacteria oxidize ammonia to nitrite and nitrate?
What do iron-oxidizing bacteria oxidize ferrous iron (Fe2+) to?
What do iron-oxidizing bacteria oxidize ferrous iron (Fe2+) to?
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Which type of microorganisms do not use oxygen as the final electron acceptor in their oxidation reactions?
Which type of microorganisms do not use oxygen as the final electron acceptor in their oxidation reactions?
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What do methanogens produce from carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2)?
What do methanogens produce from carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2)?
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Where are chemolithotrophs found?
Where are chemolithotrophs found?
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Which of the following is not an example of aerobic chemolithotrophs?
Which of the following is not an example of aerobic chemolithotrophs?
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What are the alternative electron acceptors used by anaerobic chemolithotrophs?
What are the alternative electron acceptors used by anaerobic chemolithotrophs?
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What do sulfur-oxidizing bacteria oxidize sulfur to?
What do sulfur-oxidizing bacteria oxidize sulfur to?
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Which type of microorganisms use oxygen as the final electron acceptor in their oxidation reactions?
Which type of microorganisms use oxygen as the final electron acceptor in their oxidation reactions?
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What role do chemolithotrophs play in the biogeochemical cycles?
What role do chemolithotrophs play in the biogeochemical cycles?
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What is the process by which methane (CH4) is produced from carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2)?
What is the process by which methane (CH4) is produced from carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2)?
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Which group of organisms do not produce oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis?
Which group of organisms do not produce oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis?
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What is the unique photosynthetic apparatus that green bacteria produce?
What is the unique photosynthetic apparatus that green bacteria produce?
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What is the process by which hydrogen (H2) is oxidized to water (H2O) with the release of energy?
What is the process by which hydrogen (H2) is oxidized to water (H2O) with the release of energy?
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Which group of organisms are the most common type of photosynthetic organism on Earth?
Which group of organisms are the most common type of photosynthetic organism on Earth?
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Which type of bacteria reduce nitrate (NO3-) to nitrogen gas (N2)?
Which type of bacteria reduce nitrate (NO3-) to nitrogen gas (N2)?
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What is the process by which hydrogen (H2) is oxidized to water (H2O) with the release of energy?
What is the process by which hydrogen (H2) is oxidized to water (H2O) with the release of energy?
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What is the unique photosynthetic apparatus that purple bacteria produce?
What is the unique photosynthetic apparatus that purple bacteria produce?
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What is the main byproduct of oxygenic photosynthesis?
What is the main byproduct of oxygenic photosynthesis?
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Which group of organisms use light energy to convert inorganic carbon (CO2) into organic compounds?
Which group of organisms use light energy to convert inorganic carbon (CO2) into organic compounds?
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What is the process by which sulfate (SO42-) is reduced to sulfide (S2-)?
What is the process by which sulfate (SO42-) is reduced to sulfide (S2-)?
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What is the process by which oxygenic photosynthesis differs from anoxygenic photosynthesis?
What is the process by which oxygenic photosynthesis differs from anoxygenic photosynthesis?
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Study Notes
Chemolithotrophs
- Chemolithotrophs derive energy from oxidizing inorganic compounds.
- Aerobic chemolithotrophs use oxygen as the final electron acceptor in their oxidation reactions.
- Nitrifying bacteria, such as Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter, oxidize ammonia (NH3) to nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-), respectively.
- Iron-oxidizing bacteria oxidize ferrous iron (Fe2+) to ferric iron (Fe3+).
- Anaerobic chemolithotrophs do not use oxygen as the final electron acceptor and use alternative electron acceptors such as sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), or carbon dioxide (CO2).
- Methanogens, a group of anaerobic chemolithotrophs, produce methane (CH4) from carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2).
- Chemolithotrophs are found in various environments, including hot springs, deep-sea vents, and soils.
- Some examples of aerobic chemolithotrophs include: nitrifying bacteria, iron-oxidizing bacteria, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria.
- Alternative electron acceptors used by anaerobic chemolithotrophs include: sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), iron (Fe3+), manganese (Mn4+).
- Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria oxidize sulfur (S) to sulfate (SO42-).
- Aerobic chemolithotrophs are important for the biogeochemical cycles, playing a role in the cycling of nitrogen, sulfur, and iron.
Methanogenesis
- Methanogenesis is the process by which methane (CH4) is produced from carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2).
- Methanogens are found in diverse environments, including swamps, marshes, and the guts of animals.
Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis is the process by which light energy is used to convert inorganic carbon (CO2) into organic compounds like glucose (C6H12O6).
- Oxygenic photosynthesis produces oxygen (O2) as a byproduct.
- Anoxygenic photosynthesis does not produce oxygen (O2) as a byproduct.
- Green bacteria have a unique photosynthetic apparatus called chlorosomes.
- Purple bacteria have a unique photosynthetic apparatus called bacteriochlorophyll.
- Cyanobacteria are the most common type of photosynthetic organism on Earth.
- Denitrifying bacteria reduce nitrate (NO3-) to nitrogen gas (N2).
Hydrogen Oxidation
- Hydrogen oxidation is the process by which hydrogen (H2) is oxidized to water (H2O) with the release of energy. This process can be carried out by both aerobic and anaerobic organisms.
Sulfate Reduction
- Sulfate reduction is the process by which sulfate (SO42-) is reduced to sulfide (S2-). This process is carried out by anaerobic bacteria called sulfate-reducing bacteria.
Differences between Oxygenic and Anoxygenic Photosynthesis
- Oxygenic photosynthesis uses water (H2O) as the electron donor, while anoxygenic photosynthesis uses other molecules like hydrogen sulfide (H2S) or organic compounds.
- Oxygenic photosynthesis releases oxygen (O2) as a byproduct, while anoxygenic photosynthesis does not.
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Description
Test your knowledge of chemolithotrophic and phototrophic metabolism with this quiz. Explore the diverse group of microorganisms that derive their energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and their habitats. Gain insight into the processes of aerobic and anaerobic chemolithotrophy.
