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Questions and Answers
Which portal of entry is the easiest and most frequently used by microbes?
Which method is NOT a way for microbes to enter through the parenteral portal of entry?
What must microbes that enter through the gastrointestinal tract be able to survive?
Through which portals of entry can sexually transmitted microbes enter the host?
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Which of the following is true about skin as a portal of entry?
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Where can microbes bypass conventional routes of entry?
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Study Notes
Microbial Pathogenesis
Entry into the Host
- To cause disease, microbes must access and adhere to host tissues, penetrate or evade host defenses, and damage tissue.
Portals of Entry
- There are three main portals of entry for microbes into the host.
Mucous Membranes
- Respiretory tract is the easiest and most frequently used entry site for microbes.
- Gastrointestinal tract is another common entry site, with entry through contaminated water, food, fingers, and fomites.
- To enter through the gastrointestinal tract, microbes must survive stomach HCl, enzymes, and bile.
- Genitourinary tract is an entry site for most sexually transmitted microbes.
- Conjunctiva, the membrane covering eyes and eyelids, is also a portal of entry.
Skin
- Unbroken skin is impenetrable by most microbes.
- Some microbes can gain access through hair follicles and sweat glands.
Parenteral Route
- The parenteral route bypasses the normal routes of entry into the host.
- This route includes injections (intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous).
- Cuts and wounds can also serve as a portal of entry through the parenteral route.
- Bites and stings can also allow microbes to enter the host through the parenteral route.
- Surgical procedures can also provide a portal of entry for microbes.
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Description
Learn about the process of microbial pathogenesis, including the entry into the host and the three main portals of entry: mucous membranes, skin, and parenteral routes.
