Microorganism Week 2 Reading

What process reduces CO2 to generate complex, organic cell constituents?

Which type of microorganisms can use both organotrophy and autotrophy to gain carbon?

What do chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy and carbon for biomass from?

What role do cyanobacteria play in the Earth's marine food chain?

Which metabolic process involves obtaining energy from the catabolism of organic compounds and through light absorption?

What does the suffix "-trophy" refer to in biology?

What is the electron source in organo-trophy?

How is energy stored in the form of an electrical potential across the membrane known?

What do nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert nitrogen gas (N2) into?

Which process uses nitrate and related inorganic forms of nitrogen as terminal electron acceptors for certain electron transport chains?

What are the six macronutrients required by microorganisms?

What is the recycling process that involves two counterbalancing kinds of metabolism?

What is the role of micronutrients in cells?

What is the main difference between heterotrophy and autotrophy?

What is the function of cations in microorganisms?

What is the term for environments that lack oxygen?

What is the class of anaerobes that can grow with or without molecular oxygen?

What is the process called when microbes gain energy only through fermenting carbohydrates in an oxygen-free environment?

What is the term for the membrane proteins and lipids used by some microbes to extract intrinsic energy from electrons?

What is the term for the process involving the movement of electrons along an ETS and the generation of proton motive force if the electron donor is from an organic source?

What differentiates facultative anaerobes from aerotolerant anaerobes?

What allows aerotolerant anaerobes to grow in air (containing oxygen) while retaining fermentation-based metabolism?

What is the primary benefit of oxygen for aerobes?

Why do some microorganisms become microaerophilic?

What is the process of breaking down complex food into small molecules that can be digested called?

What is the main role of our gut microbiome in relation to the food we eat?

Why do many of our gut microbes use enzymes that our bodies don't have?

What is the term for obtaining energy from inorganic reactions?

Which type of microorganisms can use light absorption to gain energy and build biomass solely from CO2?

What is the term for the process of obtaining energy from electron transfer between chemicals?

Which metabolic process involves obtaining energy from the catabolism of organic compounds and through light absorption?

What is the term for microorganisms that use preformed organic compounds for biosynthesis?

What is the term for the process that involves obtaining energy from the catabolism of organic compounds and through light absorption?

What do exothermic reactions release?

What determines how much energy is potentially available to do work in a biochemical reaction?

What is the term for environments that lack oxygen?

What is the electron source in organotrophy?

What is the main role of lignin in trees and woody plants?

What is the main difference between fermentation and respiration?

Which of the following can human enzymes digest?

What is the process by which carbohydrates are broken down to monosaccharides?

What happens to the electrons removed from food in the process of respiration?

During mixed-acid fermentation, what is favored at low pH?

Which molecule serves as the 'lego block' of metabolism?

What is the key component of metabolism in bacteria and mitochondria, directing sugar catabolism into respiration?

Which process removes CO2 from pyruvate, generating acetyl-CoA?

Which pathway produces 2 ATP and 2 NADH from glucose breakdown?

What term is used for organisms that are capable of utilizing light to generate ATP, but also incorporate preformed organic compounds for biosynthesis?

What metabolic process involves the capture of light by chlorophyll or another photopigment?

What is the term for metabolism in which chemical electron donors yield energy through an Electron Transport Chain (ETC)?

Which term describes the reduction of oxidized forms of nitrogen for energy yields?

What is the primary electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?

What is the main difference between dissimilatory denitrification and assimilatory reduction of nitrate?

What is the process called when hydrogen is used as an electron donor and carbon dioxide is reduced to methane?

What is the term for the process of oxidation of inorganic electron donors to acquire energy?

Which group of microorganisms specifically oxidizes methane, nitrite, or sulfate to gain energy from single-carbon compounds?

What is the process called when microorganisms obtain carbon skeletons by CO2 fixation or by breaking down compounds formed by other organisms?

What must the organism's genome maintain in order to support biosynthesis?

How do microbes regulate their biosynthesis at the levels of transcription and translation of enzymes?

Where is the full Calvin cycle found?

Which organisms are believed to generate the majority of the oxygen gas in Earth's atmosphere?

How do facultatively anaerobic purple bacteria, including sulfur oxidizers and photoheterotrophs, obtain carbon?