Microbial Metabolism and Sporulation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of microorganism uses light as both an energy and carbon source?

  • Photoautotrophs (correct)
  • Anaerobic bacteria
  • Chemoautotrophs
  • Chemoheterotrophs

    • What is the primary carbon source for chemoautotrophs?

  • Sugars and amino acids
  • Simple organic compounds
  • Light energy
  • CO2 (correct)

    • Which organisms are categorized as photoheterotrophs?

  • Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria
  • Cyanobacteria
  • Nitrobacter
  • Some green or purple photosynthetic bacteria (correct)

    • Which energy source do chemoheterotrophs primarily rely on?

    <p>Oxidation of an organic compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of chemoautotrophs?

    <p>Being pathogenic to humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the process of sporulation?

    <p>Formation of an axial filament of nuclear material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following occurs last in the sporulation process?

    <p>Destruction of the sporangium by lytic enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed during the formation of the cortex in sporulation?

    <p>Dipicolinic acid and calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the sporangium after the spore matures?

    <p>It is destroyed by lytic enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the process of sporulation in bacteria?

    <p>Unfavorable conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum pressure experienced in land conditions?

    <p>1 bar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to bacterial growth when water is not sufficiently available?

    <p>Bacterial growth stops, but bacteria can still survive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the water activity ($a_w$) equation used to represent water availability?

    <p>$a_w = rac{P_{sol}}{P_{eau}}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these bacteria are classified as neutrophils based on their optimal growth pH range?

    <p><em>Escherichia</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental factors can limit bacterial growth?

    <p>High pressure, low temperature, and low nutrient content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of high salt concentrations on sensitive bacteria?

    <p>They are inhibited by high salt concentrations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria can tolerate moderate salt concentrations?

    <p>Halotolerant Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does high osmotic pressure affect a bacterial cell?

    <p>It inhibits growth by moving the plasma membrane away from the cell wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of adding salts to a solution in terms of osmotic pressure?

    <p>To increase osmotic pressure, aiding in food preservation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of bacteria is known to thrive in high salt concentrations?

    <p>Halophile Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

    <p>Molecular oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process generates the most ATP per glucose molecule?

    <p>Aerobic respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes anaerobic respiration from aerobic respiration?

    <p>The final electron acceptor being an inorganic molecule other than oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall reaction formula for aerobic respiration?

    <p>$C_{6}H_{12}O_{6} + 6O_{2} ightarrow 6CO_{2} + 6H_{2}O + 38ATP$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ATP in cellular respiration?

    <p>It stores energy released during oxidation of glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimum growth temperature range for psychrophiles?

    <p>10°C to 15°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of microorganisms primarily contribute to food spoilage?

    <p>Psychrotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature range within which mesophiles can grow?

    <p>10°C to 50°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature range do thermophiles typically grow?

    <p>40°C to 70°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum temperature limit for hyperthermophiles?

    <p>110°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of microorganisms grow optimally at temperatures between 55°C and 65°C?

    <p>Thermophiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum growth temperature for psychrotrophs?

    <p>0°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of microorganisms can grow between -10°C and 20°C?

    <p>Psychrophiles</p> Signup and view all the answers

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