Microbial Ecology: Chapter 21.1-21.3 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the first step required in analyzing a metagenome?

  • Isolating the DNA
  • Separating the microbes from their physical environment
  • Breaking open the cells
  • Defining a target community to study (correct)
  • During metagenome sequencing and assembly, what is the process of assembling overlapping fragments into contigs called?

  • Contig assembly (correct)
  • Scaffolding
  • Genome isolation
  • Cell separation
  • In analyzing the Deepwater Horizon Spill, what was used to study the expression of RNA transcripts related to hydrocarbon degradation pathways?

  • Sequenced DNA fragments
  • Isolated DNA
  • Metagenomes derived from the community (correct)
  • Cultured microbes
  • What is a significant limitation mentioned regarding metagenomes in identifying community members?

    <p>Possibility of missing community members</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is described as being the most powerful tool for identifying the microbes inhabiting an ecosystem?

    <p>Metagenomics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe organisms that were previously missed or thought to be unculturable?

    <p>Rare biosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Cornelius B. van Niel, what did he propose about microbial ecology?

    <p>Every molecule in nature can be used by a microorganism for carbon or energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do trophic levels in an ecosystem represent?

    <p>Levels of consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do primary producers provide for the food web?

    <p>Carbon and energy for all trophic levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do organisms perform niche construction within an ecosystem?

    <p>By shaping the biochemical dimensions of their habitat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a metagenome?

    <p>The sum of all DNA sequenced from an environmental sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In microbial ecology, what is a population defined as?

    <p>A group of individuals of one species living in a common location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the standard for identifying environmental taxa within microbial communities?

    <p>rRNA sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consists of an ecosystem in the context of microbial communities?

    <p>Populations of species plus their environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of questions can advanced sequencing technologies address in microbial ecology?

    <p>Who is present, what their genomes represent, and what they are doing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most intimate association between organisms of different species called?

    <p>Symbiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In mutualism, what happens if one of the microbial partners is removed?

    <p>Both organisms die</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a highly evolved form of mutualism mentioned in the text?

    <p>Lichen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is inherited from mother to offspring in most insects?

    <p>Intracellular bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other is unaffected?

    <p>Commensalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of relationship do Methanogens have with their host?

    <p>Synergism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do Methanogens perform in the gut?

    <p>Regulate hydrogen levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the relationship between Beggiatoa and its community members?

    <p>Commensalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a parasitic relationship, which species benefits at the expense of the other?

    <p>The parasite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Methanogens play in helping beneficial gut microbes?

    <p>Regulate hydrogen levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

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