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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT included in the organisms and biological entities studied by microbiologists?
Which of the following is NOT included in the organisms and biological entities studied by microbiologists?
- Protozoa
- Plants (correct)
- Bacteria
- Viruses
Which of the following is a key characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
- They have linear chromosomes
- They undergo asexual reproduction (correct)
- They have a nucleus
- They have membrane-bound organelles
What is the primary component of the cell wall of bacteria?
What is the primary component of the cell wall of bacteria?
- Chitin
- Cellulose
- Peptidoglycan (correct)
- Lipids
Which group of organisms are often found in extreme environments?
Which group of organisms are often found in extreme environments?
Which type of microorganisms have a non-peptidoglycan cell wall?
Which type of microorganisms have a non-peptidoglycan cell wall?
Which group of microorganisms have ribosomal structures that are closer to eukaryotes?
Which group of microorganisms have ribosomal structures that are closer to eukaryotes?
Which group of microorganisms is associated with extreme halophiles?
Which group of microorganisms is associated with extreme halophiles?
Which scientist introduced the antiseptic technique and disinfection into surgical theatres?
Which scientist introduced the antiseptic technique and disinfection into surgical theatres?
Who successfully correlated cholera propagation with poor water sanitation?
Who successfully correlated cholera propagation with poor water sanitation?
Which scientist observed that women giving birth where medical students trained died from puerperal fever more than women birthing at home?
Which scientist observed that women giving birth where medical students trained died from puerperal fever more than women birthing at home?
What did Jenner inject into an 8-year-old boy to protect him from smallpox?
What did Jenner inject into an 8-year-old boy to protect him from smallpox?
Which of the following microscopes uses a dark-field stop to create a bright image of the specimen against a dark background?
Which of the following microscopes uses a dark-field stop to create a bright image of the specimen against a dark background?
Which type of microscopy technique is used to create z stacks?
Which type of microscopy technique is used to create z stacks?
Which fluorochrome is often attached to DNA probes or antibodies that bind specific cellular components?
Which fluorochrome is often attached to DNA probes or antibodies that bind specific cellular components?
What is the best resolution of a transmission electron microscope?
What is the best resolution of a transmission electron microscope?
Which method is used to measure population size for large populations by diluting the inoculum on the surface of an agar plate?
Which method is used to measure population size for large populations by diluting the inoculum on the surface of an agar plate?
Which method is used to measure population size for small populations by transferring a membrane filter to a culture medium?
Which method is used to measure population size for small populations by transferring a membrane filter to a culture medium?
Which method is used to measure population size indirectly for large populations by measuring the cloudiness of a culture?
Which method is used to measure population size indirectly for large populations by measuring the cloudiness of a culture?
Which of the following is NOT an environmental factor affecting microbial growth?
Which of the following is NOT an environmental factor affecting microbial growth?
Which of the following is NOT a grouping based on oxygen requirements of microorganisms?
Which of the following is NOT a grouping based on oxygen requirements of microorganisms?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of complex media?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of complex media?
Which of the following is a characteristic of selective media?
Which of the following is a characteristic of selective media?
Which of the following is NOT a clinical sampling method for identifying microorganisms?
Which of the following is NOT a clinical sampling method for identifying microorganisms?
Which of the following is a key requirement for obtaining a pure culture?
Which of the following is a key requirement for obtaining a pure culture?
Which phase of the microbial growth curve is characterized by the maximum rate of cell growth and no limitations to nutrients?
Which phase of the microbial growth curve is characterized by the maximum rate of cell growth and no limitations to nutrients?
What is the primary reason why most cells do not reproduce immediately during the lag phase of the microbial growth curve, even in a nutrient-rich environment?
What is the primary reason why most cells do not reproduce immediately during the lag phase of the microbial growth curve, even in a nutrient-rich environment?
What happens during the death phase of the microbial growth curve?
What happens during the death phase of the microbial growth curve?
Which of the following bacterial cell structures is responsible for replication?
Which of the following bacterial cell structures is responsible for replication?
What is the primary method of reproduction in bacteria?
What is the primary method of reproduction in bacteria?
Which bacterial morphology appears as a spiral shape under a microscope?
Which bacterial morphology appears as a spiral shape under a microscope?
Which staining technique is considered the decolourizing agent in the gram stain?
Which staining technique is considered the decolourizing agent in the gram stain?
What is the primary component of the cell wall of bacteria?
What is the primary component of the cell wall of bacteria?
What is the function of fimbriae in bacterial cells?
What is the function of fimbriae in bacterial cells?
Which staining technique is used to identify acid-fast bacteria?
Which staining technique is used to identify acid-fast bacteria?
Which of the following is NOT a component of bacterial cytosol?
Which of the following is NOT a component of bacterial cytosol?
Which two groups of bacteria are known to form endospores?
Which two groups of bacteria are known to form endospores?
Which type of media is used to enhance the growth of certain species and allows for their differentiation based on variations in appearance?
Which type of media is used to enhance the growth of certain species and allows for their differentiation based on variations in appearance?
What is the purpose of a streak plate?
What is the purpose of a streak plate?
Which bacterial morphology appears as a curved rod-shaped under a microscope?
Which bacterial morphology appears as a curved rod-shaped under a microscope?
What is the primary method of reproduction in bacteria?
What is the primary method of reproduction in bacteria?
Which type of microorganisms can tolerate high temperatures, including temperatures above boiling point?
Which type of microorganisms can tolerate high temperatures, including temperatures above boiling point?
Which of the following is NOT a cardinal temperature for microbial growth?
Which of the following is NOT a cardinal temperature for microbial growth?
Which type of microorganisms require oxygen levels of 2% to 10% for growth?
Which type of microorganisms require oxygen levels of 2% to 10% for growth?
Which type of media contains substances that favor the growth of a particular microorganism or inhibit the growth of unwanted ones?
Which type of media contains substances that favor the growth of a particular microorganism or inhibit the growth of unwanted ones?
Which of the following is NOT a function of glycocalyces in bacterial cells?
Which of the following is NOT a function of glycocalyces in bacterial cells?
Which of the following is the correct order of steps in binary fission?
Which of the following is the correct order of steps in binary fission?
Which of the following is NOT a type of motion exhibited by flagellated bacteria?
Which of the following is NOT a type of motion exhibited by flagellated bacteria?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of gram-negative cell walls?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of gram-negative cell walls?
Which group of microorganisms is often found in extreme environments and is characterized by a non-peptidoglycan cell wall?
Which group of microorganisms is often found in extreme environments and is characterized by a non-peptidoglycan cell wall?
Which group of microorganisms is characterized by multicellularity, a chitin cell wall, and the ability to secrete enzymes outside of their cells to digest and absorb nutrients?
Which group of microorganisms is characterized by multicellularity, a chitin cell wall, and the ability to secrete enzymes outside of their cells to digest and absorb nutrients?
Which group of microorganisms is characterized by being single-celled eukaryotes with animal-like digestion and often sorted by their mode of motility?
Which group of microorganisms is characterized by being single-celled eukaryotes with animal-like digestion and often sorted by their mode of motility?
Which scientist is credited with coining the term 'cell' and proposing that cells are the fundamental unit of life?
Which scientist is credited with coining the term 'cell' and proposing that cells are the fundamental unit of life?
Which taxonomic level is the most inclusive?
Which taxonomic level is the most inclusive?
Who introduced the antiseptic technique and disinfection into surgical theatres?
Who introduced the antiseptic technique and disinfection into surgical theatres?
Which scientist first reported the existence of most types of microorganisms?
Which scientist first reported the existence of most types of microorganisms?
Which two major branches of microbiology emerged as a result of John Snow's study on cholera propagation?
Which two major branches of microbiology emerged as a result of John Snow's study on cholera propagation?
What was the original method of vaccination before Jenner's vaccine?
What was the original method of vaccination before Jenner's vaccine?
Which type of microscopy technique uses polarized light and prisms to split the wavelength into two slightly different paths, creating enhanced contrast and 3D images?
Which type of microscopy technique uses polarized light and prisms to split the wavelength into two slightly different paths, creating enhanced contrast and 3D images?
Which scientist is credited with coining the term 'cell' and proposing that cells are the fundamental unit of life?
Which scientist is credited with coining the term 'cell' and proposing that cells are the fundamental unit of life?
What is the primary component of the cell wall of bacteria?
What is the primary component of the cell wall of bacteria?
What is the purpose of a streak plate?
What is the purpose of a streak plate?
Which group of microorganisms is characterized by a chitin cell wall and can be either multicellular or unicellular?
Which group of microorganisms is characterized by a chitin cell wall and can be either multicellular or unicellular?
What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is the main characteristic of Archaeans that differentiates them from bacteria?
What is the main characteristic of Archaeans that differentiates them from bacteria?
What is the purpose of epidemiology?
What is the purpose of epidemiology?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of vaccination?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of vaccination?
What is the significance of refractive index in microscopy?
What is the significance of refractive index in microscopy?
Which type of microscopy technique uses polarized light and prisms to split the wavelength into two slightly different paths, creating enhanced contrast and 3D images?
Which type of microscopy technique uses polarized light and prisms to split the wavelength into two slightly different paths, creating enhanced contrast and 3D images?
What is the purpose of a confocal scanning laser microscope? How does it work?
What is the purpose of a confocal scanning laser microscope? How does it work?
What is a Z stack? What can it be used to generate?
What is a Z stack? What can it be used to generate?
True or false: Archaeans have a peptidoglycan cell wall?
True or false: Archaeans have a peptidoglycan cell wall?
True or false: Algal blooms are rapid increases in the population of bacteria in aquatic environments?
True or false: Algal blooms are rapid increases in the population of bacteria in aquatic environments?
True or false: Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles?
True or false: Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles?
Semmelweis' experiments demonstrated that hand-washing with chlorinated lime water decreased mortality from puerperal fever.
Semmelweis' experiments demonstrated that hand-washing with chlorinated lime water decreased mortality from puerperal fever.
Lister introduced antiseptic techniques and disinfection into surgical theaters.
Lister introduced antiseptic techniques and disinfection into surgical theaters.
Nightingale introduced antiseptic techniques into nursing practices and conducted detailed statistical studies linking poor food and unsanitation in hospitals to soldier deaths.
Nightingale introduced antiseptic techniques into nursing practices and conducted detailed statistical studies linking poor food and unsanitation in hospitals to soldier deaths.
Jenner's experiment involved inoculating a young boy with cowpox followed by inoculation with smallpox, resulting in the boy not developing smallpox.
Jenner's experiment involved inoculating a young boy with cowpox followed by inoculation with smallpox, resulting in the boy not developing smallpox.
True or false: Fluorescent microscopy uses a mercury lamp to transmit long wavelengths and emit visible light when exposed to certain wavelengths?
True or false: Fluorescent microscopy uses a mercury lamp to transmit long wavelengths and emit visible light when exposed to certain wavelengths?
True or false: Confocal scanning laser microscopy allows for the creation of 3D images by taking multiple pictures of different focal planes of the same object?
True or false: Confocal scanning laser microscopy allows for the creation of 3D images by taking multiple pictures of different focal planes of the same object?
True or false: Gram-negative bacteria have thicker cell walls than gram-positive bacteria?
True or false: Gram-negative bacteria have thicker cell walls than gram-positive bacteria?
True or false: Electron microscopy has higher resolution than light microscopy?
True or false: Electron microscopy has higher resolution than light microscopy?
True or false: Linnaean taxonomy is a hierarchical classification system for plants and animals based on species, family, order, class, phylum, and kingdom?
True or false: Linnaean taxonomy is a hierarchical classification system for plants and animals based on species, family, order, class, phylum, and kingdom?
True or false: Louis Pasteur's experiments disproved the concept of spontaneous generation and supported the principle of biogenesis?
True or false: Louis Pasteur's experiments disproved the concept of spontaneous generation and supported the principle of biogenesis?
True or false: The scientific method consists of steps such as observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, data collection, analysis, and conclusion?
True or false: The scientific method consists of steps such as observation, question, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, data collection, analysis, and conclusion?
True or false: Pasteurization is a heat treatment process developed by Louis Pasteur to deactivate harmful microorganisms in liquids and food?
True or false: Pasteurization is a heat treatment process developed by Louis Pasteur to deactivate harmful microorganisms in liquids and food?
Which of the following bacterial cell structures is responsible for replication?
Which of the following bacterial cell structures is responsible for replication?
What is the purpose of budding?
What is the purpose of budding?
Which of the following arrangements of cocci bacteria is characterized by cells dividing in multiple planes and forming cuboidal packets?
Which of the following arrangements of cocci bacteria is characterized by cells dividing in multiple planes and forming cuboidal packets?
What is the purpose of using a carbon utilization tube in microbiology?
What is the purpose of using a carbon utilization tube in microbiology?
Which method is used to isolate organisms from a mixed population into a pure culture?
Which method is used to isolate organisms from a mixed population into a pure culture?
How can turbidity be used to estimate bacterial population size?
How can turbidity be used to estimate bacterial population size?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of gram-negative cell walls?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of gram-negative cell walls?
What is the main characteristic of Archaeans that differentiates them from bacteria?
What is the main characteristic of Archaeans that differentiates them from bacteria?
What are the two major groups of bacteria that produce endospores?
What are the two major groups of bacteria that produce endospores?
Which of the following bacterial arrangements is characterized by division into groups of eight cells forming a cubic structure with three perpendicular planes?
Which of the following bacterial arrangements is characterized by division into groups of eight cells forming a cubic structure with three perpendicular planes?
What is the key polysaccharide that makes up bacterial cell walls?
What is the key polysaccharide that makes up bacterial cell walls?
What is the function of fimbriae in bacterial cells?
What is the function of fimbriae in bacterial cells?
Which of the following is the correct structure of a bacterial flagellum?
Which of the following is the correct structure of a bacterial flagellum?
True or false: Spores are specialized dormant structures that protect genetic material until conditions are more favorable.
True or false: Spores are specialized dormant structures that protect genetic material until conditions are more favorable.
True or false: Diplococci divide and remain attached in chains perpendicular to the long axis of the pair.
True or false: Diplococci divide and remain attached in chains perpendicular to the long axis of the pair.
True or false: Streptococci divide and remain attached in chains perpendicular to the long axis of the chain.
True or false: Streptococci divide and remain attached in chains perpendicular to the long axis of the chain.
True or false: Tetrads divide into groups of eight cells, forming a cubic structure with three perpendicular planes.
True or false: Tetrads divide into groups of eight cells, forming a cubic structure with three perpendicular planes.
True or false: Staphylococci divide and remain attached in irregular, grape-like clusters with a specific orientation.
True or false: Staphylococci divide and remain attached in irregular, grape-like clusters with a specific orientation.
True or false: Blood agar is a selective media.
True or false: Blood agar is a selective media.
True or false: MacConkey Agar is both selective and differential.
True or false: MacConkey Agar is both selective and differential.
True or false: Streak plate method is used to isolate organisms from a mixed population into a pure culture.
True or false: Streak plate method is used to isolate organisms from a mixed population into a pure culture.
True or false: Turbidity can be used to estimate bacterial population size.
True or false: Turbidity can be used to estimate bacterial population size.
True or false: Lag phase cells reproduce immediately in a nutrient-rich environment.
True or false: Lag phase cells reproduce immediately in a nutrient-rich environment.
True or false: Stationary phase is characterized by an increase in the rate of reproduction.
True or false: Stationary phase is characterized by an increase in the rate of reproduction.
True or false: Catalase-positive microorganisms release oxygen gas when exposed to hydrogen peroxide.
True or false: Catalase-positive microorganisms release oxygen gas when exposed to hydrogen peroxide.
True or false: Psychrophiles and psychrotolerants thrive at temperatures above 35 degrees Celsius.
True or false: Psychrophiles and psychrotolerants thrive at temperatures above 35 degrees Celsius.
True or false: Gram-negative bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer compared to Gram-positives.
True or false: Gram-negative bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer compared to Gram-positives.
True or false: Gram-negative bacteria have more NAG-NAM polysaccharides in their peptidoglycan layer compared to Gram-positives.
True or false: Gram-negative bacteria have more NAG-NAM polysaccharides in their peptidoglycan layer compared to Gram-positives.
True or false: Gram-negative bacteria have longer tetrapeptide cross bridges in their peptidoglycan layer compared to Gram-positives.
True or false: Gram-negative bacteria have longer tetrapeptide cross bridges in their peptidoglycan layer compared to Gram-positives.
True or false: Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane outside the peptidoglycan layer.
True or false: Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane outside the peptidoglycan layer.
Variolation was the original method of ______
Variolation was the original method of ______
The ability of a lens to separate or distinguish between small objects that are close together is called ______
The ability of a lens to separate or distinguish between small objects that are close together is called ______
Fluorescence microscopy uses a mercury lamp that transmits long wavelengths and emits visible light when exposed to certain wavelengths. This requires ______ to stain the specimen.
Fluorescence microscopy uses a mercury lamp that transmits long wavelengths and emits visible light when exposed to certain wavelengths. This requires ______ to stain the specimen.
Immersion oil is a type of oil used in microscopy to improve ______
Immersion oil is a type of oil used in microscopy to improve ______
Florence Nightingale introduced antiseptic techniques into ______ practices
Florence Nightingale introduced antiseptic techniques into ______ practices
Fransisco Redi tested the theory of spontaneous generation using a closed container with ______ meat
Fransisco Redi tested the theory of spontaneous generation using a closed container with ______ meat
Pasteurization is a heat treatment process developed by Louis Pasteur to deactivate harmful microorganisms in ______ and food
Pasteurization is a heat treatment process developed by Louis Pasteur to deactivate harmful microorganisms in ______ and food
Archaea have a non-______ cell wall, which is more protein-based rather than carbohydrate-based.
Archaea have a non-______ cell wall, which is more protein-based rather than carbohydrate-based.
Fungi are ____________, meaning they need to ingest their food and secrete enzymes outside to digest and absorb nutrients.
Fungi are ____________, meaning they need to ingest their food and secrete enzymes outside to digest and absorb nutrients.
Psychrophiles and psychrotolerants can live below freezing; their growth temperature range is ________ degrees Celsius.
Psychrophiles and psychrotolerants can live below freezing; their growth temperature range is ________ degrees Celsius.
Mesophiles and thermophiles have a mid-range growth temperature; mesophiles temperature range is ________ degrees Celsius.
Mesophiles and thermophiles have a mid-range growth temperature; mesophiles temperature range is ________ degrees Celsius.
Hyperthermophiles can live above boiling temperature; their growth temperature range is ________ degrees Celsius.
Hyperthermophiles can live above boiling temperature; their growth temperature range is ________ degrees Celsius.
Aerobic bacteria only survive when ________ is present; it is the final electron acceptor at the end of their catabolism.
Aerobic bacteria only survive when ________ is present; it is the final electron acceptor at the end of their catabolism.
MacConkey Agar contains ______, natural antimicrobial agents that inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria by disrupting their cell membranes, making them more selective for Gram-negative bacteria.
MacConkey Agar contains ______, natural antimicrobial agents that inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria by disrupting their cell membranes, making them more selective for Gram-negative bacteria.
Crystal violet is another selective agent that further ______ the growth of Gram-positive bacteria on MacConkey Agar.
Crystal violet is another selective agent that further ______ the growth of Gram-positive bacteria on MacConkey Agar.
A ______ plate is used to isolate organisms from a mixed population into a pure culture.
A ______ plate is used to isolate organisms from a mixed population into a pure culture.
In a pure culture, all microbes come from a single progenitor cell or isolated colony, making all cells genetically ______.
In a pure culture, all microbes come from a single progenitor cell or isolated colony, making all cells genetically ______.
Binary fission is the process of splitting the cell into ____; only have one chromosome (no mitosis)
Binary fission is the process of splitting the cell into ____; only have one chromosome (no mitosis)
Spores of Actinomycetes are chains with spores at the end of filaments; each spore will break off and give rise to new ____
Spores of Actinomycetes are chains with spores at the end of filaments; each spore will break off and give rise to new ____
Fimbriae are rod-like extensions that bacteria use to adhere to structures; they are important for pathogens to adhere to ____
Fimbriae are rod-like extensions that bacteria use to adhere to structures; they are important for pathogens to adhere to ____
Pili are a specialized type of fimbriae that most bacteria have; they are used to connect cells to pass ____
Pili are a specialized type of fimbriae that most bacteria have; they are used to connect cells to pass ____
Peptidoglycan is a polysaccharide composed of ______ N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) units (NAG-NAM polysaccharide repeats)
Peptidoglycan is a polysaccharide composed of ______ N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) units (NAG-NAM polysaccharide repeats)
The Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique is used to identify ______ bacteria, which stain pink/red, while non-______ bacteria stain blue
The Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique is used to identify ______ bacteria, which stain pink/red, while non-______ bacteria stain blue
________ formed by Bacillus and Clostridium, are an alternate life cycle for bacterial cells in harsh environments where they go into a hibernation state
________ formed by Bacillus and Clostridium, are an alternate life cycle for bacterial cells in harsh environments where they go into a hibernation state
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