Microbes Infections and Parasites Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Through which portal of entry can organisms that cause syphilis and AIDS enter the body?

Breaks in the skin

Respiratory tract

Genitourinary tract (correct)

Gastrointestinal tract

Which of the following is considered a fomite in a healthcare setting?

Patient

Equipment (correct)

Healthcare worker

Organism

Malaria, yellow fever, and meningitis can directly enter the body through which system?

Digestive system

Circulatory system (correct)

Respiratory system

Genitourinary system

Which of the following is NOT a portal of exit for infectious organisms from the host?

Skin Signup and view all the answers

What type of organism enters the body through breaks in the skin or mucous membranes?

Normal flora bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Which body fluid product is NOT listed as an infectious secretion for transmitting disease agents?

Sweat Signup and view all the answers

What must be treated in a special way according to the text?

Items that come into contact with the patient's blood Signup and view all the answers

When preparing a patient room for isolation, what should be placed outside the room?

An isolation cart containing personal protective equipment Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of lining the wastepaper basket inside the room with a plastic bag labeled for infection waste?

To prevent contamination of the waste Signup and view all the answers

Why is a private room recommended for highly infectious patients?

To minimize the risk of spreading infections to others Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a yeast infection of the skin?

Tinea capitis (ringworm) Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of a virus?

It is the smallest known microbe Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common viral infection mentioned in the text?

Tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

How are protozoa classified according to the text?

By the way they move Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a disease caused by protozoa according to the text?

Influenza Signup and view all the answers

What condition is necessary for an infection to occur according to the text?

Certain conditions must exist Signup and view all the answers

What should you do after pulling the glove off your hand?

Hold the glove with the still-gloved hand Signup and view all the answers

How should you remove the second glove?

Insert a finger under the cuff of the glove on the other hand Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with the gloves after removing them?

Drop both gloves into a biohazardous waste receptacle Signup and view all the answers

How should you remove a contaminated gown?

Fold it inward away from the body with the contaminated side inward Signup and view all the answers

What should you do with a gown after removing it?

Dispose of it in a biohazardous waste receptacle Signup and view all the answers

How should you remove eye protection?

Lift them outward, away from the face, and discard according to facility policy Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence for removing personal protective equipment (PPE)?

Gloves, wash hands, googles/face shield, gown, mask, wash hands Signup and view all the answers

When putting on a surgical mask, what should be done first?

Tie the top strings first, then the bottom strings Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about surgical masks is correct?

A surgical mask should be replaced if it becomes moist during procedures Signup and view all the answers

What should be done before putting on a gown?

Remove any jewelry and place it on a paper towel Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about protective eyewear (goggles or face shield) is correct?

Protective eyewear should always be worn in combination with a surgical mask Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended characteristic of an effective gown?

The gown should have long sleeves, be long enough to cover the uniform, and be waterproof Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Standard Precautions

All items that come into contact with patient's excretions, secretions, blood, body fluids, mucous membrane, or non-intact skin are considered contaminated.
Contaminated materials must be treated in a special way.

Isolation Unit

Isolation unit can be an area or a private room.
Patients with the same disease may share a room.
A room with handwashing facilities is ideal.
Private room is indicated for patients who:
- Are highly infectious
- Have poor personal hygiene
- Require special air control procedures within the room

Preparing for Isolation

Place a card introducing the type of isolation precaution on the door to the patient's room.
Place an isolation cart outside the room with personal protective equipment (PPE) such as:
- Gown
- Mask
- Gloves
- Goggles or face shields
- Plastic bag for biohazardous waste
- Plastic bag for soiled linen
Line the wastepaper basket inside the room with a plastic bag labeled or color-coded for infection waste.
Place a laundry hamper in the room and line it with a color-coded biohazard laundry bag.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Sequence for applying PPE:
1. Wash hands
2. Gown
3. Mask
4. Goggles or face shield
5. Gloves
Sequence for removing PPE:
1. Gloves
2. Wash hands
3. Goggles/face shield
4. Gown
5. Mask
6. Wash hands
Protective eye wear: full face shield or goggles worn at any time splashing of blood, body fluids, secretions, or excretion may occur.
Surgical mask:
- Use only once and discarded
- Changed if it becomes moist or handled
- Never left secured around the neck because it contaminates the uniform and the environment

Fomites and Reservoir

Fomites: objects that become contaminated with infectious materials that contain microorganisms.
Reservoir: in the healthcare setting, includes patient, healthcare workers, environment, and equipment.

Portals of Entry and Exit

Portals of entry: breaks in the skin or mucous membranes, respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, and circulatory system.
Portals of exit: excretion, respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, draining wounds, urine, feces, blood, and other body fluids.

Microorganisms

Yeasts: can infect areas such as mouth, vagina, skin, and feet.
Molds: can cause infection in the lungs, such as aspergillus.
Viruses: smallest microbe, classified by types of nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA), and clinical properties.
- Common viral infections include hepatitis, herpes, HIV, AIDS, chickenpox, influenza, and common cold.
Protozoa: simple one-celled organisms that live on living matter, classified by the way they move, and cause diseases such as malaria, toxoplasmosis, and African sleeping sickness.

Chain of Infection

Infection occurs when certain conditions exist, including the presence of a microorganism, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host.

Removing Personal Protective Equipment

Removing contaminated gloves:
1. Pull the cuff of the gloves down
2. Hold the glove with the still-gloved hand
3. Insert the finger of the ungloved hand under the cuff of the glove on the other hand
4. Pull the glove off inside out
5. Drop both gloves together into the biohazardous waste receptacle
6. Wash hands
Removing contaminated eye protection, gown, and mask:
1. Assemble equipment
2. Undo waist ties of gown, if they are in the front
3. Remove contaminated gloves
4. Grasp the earpieces or head strap or face shield and lift the eye protection outward
5. Undo waist ties of gown, if they are in the back
6. Undo neckties and loosen shoulders
7. Slip the fingers of your dominant hand inside the cuff of the other hand without touching the outside of the gown
8. Remove the gown and dispose of it in the correct receptacle
9. Turn faucets on with a clean paper towel.

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Description

Test your knowledge on infections caused by yeasts, molds, and viruses, along with information on parasites. Learn about common yeast infections in different areas of the body, molds causing lung infections, and characteristics of viruses like shape diversity and nucleic acid types.