Microanatomy: Cell and Tissue Identification
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Questions and Answers

What are the primary cells responsible for synthesizing collagen in the ECM?

  • Epithelial cells
  • Fibroblasts (correct)
  • Adipocytes
  • Chondrocytes

Which type of collagen is primarily involved in forming reticular fibers?

  • Type I
  • Type II
  • Type III (correct)
  • Type IV

How many different types of collagen polypeptide chains have been identified?

  • 15
  • 36
  • 10
  • 28 (correct)

What structure do three precursor protein chains form during collagen synthesis?

<p>Procollagen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What combination of proteins makes up elastic fibres in the ECM?

<p>Elastin and fibrillin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process occurs after the secretion of procollagen by fibroblasts?

<p>Proteolytic cleavage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of collagen is most commonly associated with providing tensile strength?

<p>Type I (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In routine histology staining, collagen fibers typically appear in what color?

<p>Pink (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of junctions that epithelial cells use to attach to each other?

<p>Occluding, Anchoring, and Communication junctions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of the basement membrane?

<p>Elastin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are epithelial cells nourished?

<p>Diffusion from underlying capillary beds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the epithelial cells as they regenerate?

<p>Young cells migrate towards the surface and are shed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of occluding junctions in epithelial cells?

<p>They maintain the integrity of the epithelial barrier (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is true about epithelial tissue?

<p>It undergoes continuous cell regeneration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelial tissue is characterized by multiple layers of cells?

<p>Stratified epithelium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of modifications can epithelial cells have for specialized functions?

<p>Specialized surface and internal modifications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of human histology?

<p>Microscopic study of biological material and relationship between structure and function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure involves processing thin slices of tissue for microscopic study?

<p>Embedding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is microanatomy knowledge essential for MLTs when selecting tissue samples?

<p>To ensure proper orientation and representation of the tissue in sections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of collagen is primarily found in hyaline cartilage?

<p>Type II collagen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cartilage is characterized by both Type I and Type II collagen?

<p>Fibrocartilage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor that MLTs must evaluate when assessing the quality of a prepared tissue section?

<p>Proper representation of the specimen in the section (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In immunohistochemical staining, why is it vital for MLTs to have a good understanding of microanatomy?

<p>To locate the specific cell or tissue type being demonstrated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of osteoblasts in the bone formation process?

<p>To secrete osteoid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue is prepared into thin slices to facilitate microscopic examination?

<p>Any type of biological tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are osteocytes primarily located?

<p>In channel-like structures called canaliculi (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does microanatomy knowledge play in troubleshooting potential errors in the histology lab?

<p>It allows for recognition of tissue staining issues and misidentifications. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of unilocular adipose tissue?

<p>Store fat for energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of using known positive control slides in histology?

<p>They help establish staining times and assess method success. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding multilocular adipose tissue?

<p>It produces heat through fat metabolism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable characteristic of osteoid?

<p>It is mostly made up of type I collagen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cartilage can be identified by the presence of elastic fibers?

<p>Elastic cartilage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What surrounds individual muscle fibres or cells?

<p>Endomysium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structural characteristic of skeletal muscle cells in longitudinal section?

<p>Evident cross striations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is unique to cardiac muscle cells compared to skeletal muscle cells?

<p>Centrally located nuclei (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the specialized cell junctions found in cardiac muscle?

<p>Intercalated discs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle lacks a population of resident stem cells?

<p>Cardiac muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key functional characteristic of smooth muscle cells?

<p>Rhythmic involuntary contractions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which section do smooth muscle cells appear as linear bundles?

<p>Longitudinal section (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of contractile proteins in smooth muscle cells compared to skeletal and cardiac muscle?

<p>Less organized (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the fibrous trabeculae in lymph nodes?

<p>To provide support to the lymph node structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a secondary follicle in the lymph node?

<p>It contains a germinal center with less densely staining areas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are primarily responsible for the non-specific phagocytic activity in lymph nodes?

<p>Macrophages (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route through which lymphocytes enter the lymph nodes?

<p>Through afferent lymphatic vessels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cortical sinus in lymph nodes?

<p>To collect lymph from the subcapsular sinus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the medulla of a lymph node from the cortex?

<p>The presence of Hassall's corpuscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the lymph node structure is FALSE?

<p>The superficial cortex is only composed of macrophages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to lymph nodes during an active immune response?

<p>They greatly enlarge in size (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Histology

The study of the microscopic structure of tissues and their relationship to function.

Human Histology

A microscopic study of human biological materials, particularly focusing on tissue structure and function.

Anatomical Pathology Department

The department responsible for processing and examining human tissues removed from the body.

Tissue Sections

Thin slices of tissue, typically 5 micrometers thick, prepared for microscopic examination.

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Tissue Embedding

The process of preparing and embedding tissue samples in paraffin wax for sectioning.

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Tissue Staining

The process of viewing tissue sections using stains to highlight specific features.

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Immunohistochemical Staining

A controlled method used to identify specific cellular components by using antibodies that bind to target molecules.

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Pathologist

A specialist responsible for examining and diagnosing diseases based on tissue samples.

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Epithelial tissue location

Epithelial cells form continuous sheets that cover internal and external body surfaces.

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Epithelium functions

Epithelium plays a role in secretion, absorption, and protection of the body.

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Cell junctions

Connections between epithelial cells that hold them together and maintain the integrity of the tissue.

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Occluding junctions

Occluding junctions create a tight seal between epithelial cells, preventing leakage.

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Anchoring junctions

Anchoring junctions connect the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells to each other and the underlying tissues.

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Communication junctions

Communication junctions allow direct communication between epithelial cells, facilitating rapid signaling.

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Basement membrane

A specialized extracellular matrix that acts as a barrier and anchors epithelial cells to connective tissue.

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Epithelium nourishment

Epithelial tissue lacks its own blood supply and relies on diffusion from underlying capillaries for nourishment.

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Collagen

The most abundant fibrillar protein in the extracellular matrix (ECM), synthesized by fibroblasts and other support cells.

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Reticular Fibers

A type of collagen that forms thin fibrils and creates a loose meshwork, supporting epithelial cells in organs like the liver and kidney.

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Procollagen

Three precursor protein chains wind together to form a rigid, linear triple helix structure.

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Tropocollagen

The final form of collagen after procollagen undergoes proteolytic cleavage at its ends.

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Elastin

A protein that provides elasticity and resilience to tissues, forming stretchable sheets or fibers.

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Fibrillin

A protein that forms microfibrils that organize and surround elastin in elastic fibers.

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Fibrillar Collagen

A type of collagen that forms rope-like fibrils and provides resistance to tensile stresses.

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Types of Fibrillar Collagen

Collagen types I, II, and III are the main forms of fibrillar collagen and form rope-like fibrils.

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Hyaline Cartilage

Hyaline cartilage is a type of connective tissue composed primarily of type II collagen, found in temporary fetal skeletons, growth plates, joint surfaces, and respiratory passages.

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Fibrocartilage

Fibrocartilage is a strong, dense cartilage with a mixture of type I and II collagen, primarily found in intervertebral discs, tendon attachments, and bone junctions.

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Elastic Cartilage

Elastic cartilage, containing type II collagen and elastic fibers, is found in structures requiring flexibility and resilience, such as the ear, auditory canal, and epiglottis.

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Osteoblasts

Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells that secrete osteoid, a precursor to bone matrix, and are responsible for bone formation.

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Osteocytes

Osteocytes are mature bone cells trapped within the bone matrix, responsible for maintaining bone structure and communication within the bone tissue.

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Adipocytes

Adipocytes are specialized fat cells that store energy in the form of triglycerides, forming adipose tissue, and are crucial for insulation and energy storage.

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Unilocular Adipose Tissue

Unilocular adipose tissue, also known as 'white fat', is composed of large, single fat droplet-containing adipocytes, serving as the primary energy reserve in the body.

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Multilocular Adipose Tissue

Multilocular adipose tissue, also known as 'brown fat', is a specialized tissue composed of smaller adipocytes with multiple fat droplets, essential for heat production, particularly in newborns.

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Endomysium

A thin, delicate layer of connective tissue surrounding individual muscle fibers, composed of external lamina.

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Muscle Fascicles

Bundles of muscle fibers held together by perimysium, forming a structural unit within a whole muscle.

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Epimysium

A dense connective tissue layer that surrounds the entire muscle, providing support and structure.

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Cardiac Muscle

A type of striated muscle found in the heart, characterized by interconnected cells with centrally located nuclei and intercalated discs.

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Intercalated Discs

Specialized junctions between cardiac muscle cells, allowing for coordinated contraction and efficient communication.

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Smooth Muscle

A type of muscle tissue found in the walls of internal organs and blood vessels, characterized by non-striated, elongated cells with centrally located nuclei.

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Contractile Protein Bundles

A special arrangement of contractile proteins in smooth muscle cells, allowing for coordinated contraction and efficient transmission of force throughout the cell mass.

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Lymph nodes

Lymphoid organs found in groups where lymphatic vessels converge, playing a crucial role in immune response by filtering lymph and housing immune cells.

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Lymph node cortex

Densely packed area in the lymph node containing lymphoid follicles, which are aggregates of lymphocytes.

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Lymph node medulla

Central region of the lymph node containing medullary cords, which are extensions of the cortex, and medullary sinuses, which collect lymph.

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Lymphoid follicles

Small, round structures within the lymph node cortex that contain B lymphocytes and are involved in antibody production.

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Secondary follicles

Antigen-stimulated lymphoid follicles with a centrally located germinal center and a surrounding mantle zone.

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Mantle zone

A ring of small lymphocytes surrounding the germinal center in secondary follicles.

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Cells found in lymph nodes

Lymphocytes, macrophages, and stromal cells, such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells.

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Lymph flow through lymph nodes

The process by which lymph enters the lymph node through afferent lymphatic vessels, travels through sinuses, and exits through efferent lymphatic vessels.

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Study Notes

Outcome 1 - Describing Appearance and Identifying Cell/Tissue Types

  • This outcome focuses on describing the appearance of cells and tissues and identifying specific types using microscopy (brightfield) and/or digital images.
  • Microanatomy is crucial for understanding the histology lab, specimen processing, and troubleshooting.
  • Knowledge of tissue structure is vital for selecting appropriate samples for pathologists.
  • Understanding tissue microanatomy helps in correctly preparing specimens for microscopic analysis.

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Outcome 1 Guide PDF

Description

This quiz focuses on describing the appearance of cells and tissues while identifying specific types using microscopy and digital images. Understanding microanatomy is essential for histology labs and ensures proper specimen processing for pathologists. Test your knowledge of tissue structures and their importance in microscopic analysis.

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