Intro to Microanatomy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between histology and cytology?

  • Histology shows cell relationships, while cytology does not (correct)
  • Histology is the study of whole organs, while cytology is the study of individual cells
  • Histology studies embryos, while cytology studies adult cells
  • Histology is the study of diseased cells, while cytology is the study of healthy cells

    • What is the purpose of a microtome in histology?

  • To cut the sample into 1-7 micrometer thin sections (correct)
  • To examine the tissue samples under a microscope
  • To stain the tissue samples
  • To retrieve the sample from the non-living animal

    • Which of the following statements is true regarding Gomori's Method of staining the brush border of the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney?

  • Acidic kinase stains brown
  • Alkaline phosphatase stains black (correct)
  • Alkaline kinase stains brown
  • Acidic phosphatase stains black

    • The image shows which stain type?

    <p>H&amp;E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of diseased tissue called?

    <p>Histopathology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of immunohistochemistry?

    <p>It involves the binding of antibodies labeled with fluorescent dyes or enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the staining of enzymes?

    <p>Histochemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscope produced this image?

    <p>TEM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of microscopy allows for the viewing of living, non-stained structures?

    <p>Phase contrast microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following stains goblet cells magenta?

    <p>PAS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resolving power of light microscopy in micrometers?

    <p>2 um</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of light microscopy?

    <p>It requires expertise for diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature used for the infiltration process in preparing a tissue sample for microscopy?

    <p>58-60°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of microscopy involves the staining of specific cellular components and viewing them under ultraviolet light?

    <p>Fluorescence microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The image shows which stain type?

    <p>Gomori's Method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding xylene to the solution during the preparation of a tissue sample for microscopy?

    <p>To remove the alcohol for the clearing process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The image shows which stain type?

    <p>Masson's Trichrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using paraffin wax in the preparation of a tissue sample for microscopy?

    <p>To embed the sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color of collagen when stained with Mallory’s Trichrome?

    <p>Blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of denser structures in phase contrast microscopy?

    <p>They have a higher refractive index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the fixation process in preparing a tissue sample for microscopy?

    <p>To coagulate proteins into a life-like manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscope produced this image?

    <p>Phase contrast microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following stains localizes glycogen, glycoproteins, and mucin?

    <p>PAS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using dissecting stereomicroscopy?

    <p>It is inexpensive and versatile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The image shows which stain type?

    <p>Mallory's Trichrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between TEM and SEM?

    <p>TEM shows internal structures, while SEM shows external surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscope produced this image?

    <p>SEM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding a polarizing filter to a bright field microscope?

    <p>To highlight birefringent materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major limitation of TEM?

    <p>It requires extensive preparation of the specimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following will stain goblet cells pale?

    <p>H&amp;E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding Haematoxylin within the H&E stain?

    <p>Nucleus, DNA, and RNA stain blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the collection of a tissue sample from a living animal?

    <p>Biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following stains is commonly used for routine evaluations?

    <p>Haematoxylin-Eosin (H&amp;E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscope produced this image?

    <p>Immunohistochemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscope produced this image?

    <p>Polarized microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resolving power of the TEM?

    <p>0.16-0.18 nanometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is correct in regards to Masson's Trichrome staining?

    <p>Collagen stains green. Smooth muscle stains grey.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of the development of an individual called?

    <p>Embryology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is TEM more powerful than light microscopy?

    <p>Because it uses shorter wavelengths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscope produced this image?

    <p>Bright field microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color does Immunohistochemistry stain glucagon and insulin within the Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans?

    <p>Brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding Eosin within the H&E stain?

    <p>Cytoplasm and proteins stain pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The image shows which stain type?

    <p>PAS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Culture and Fluorescence

    • In cell culture of kidney cells, blue fluorescent dye binds to nuclear DNA, and green fluorescent dye binds to actin filaments.

    Microscopy

    Polarized Microscopy

    • Uses polarizing filter to highlight birefringent materials (e.g., crystalline materials or collagen fibers)

    Dissecting Stereomicroscopy

    • Advantages: inexpensive, used in microsurgery, 3-dimensional image, practical, and versatile
    • Disadvantages: requires maintenance, low resolving power

    Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

    • Uses electron beams with shorter wavelength than light beams, resulting in higher resolution (1000-fold)
    • Electron beams interact with tissue components
    • Advantages: high resolving power (0.16-0.18 nanometers), rapid diagnosis of viruses and storage diseases
    • Disadvantages: expensive, requires extensive sample preparation, 2-dimensional images, black and white images, and cannot be used with living specimens

    Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

    • Uses electron beams to scan specimen surfaces, resulting in a 3-dimensional effect
    • Only shows external surfaces
    • Lower resolution compared to TEM

    Microanatomy (Histology)

    • Study of cells, tissues, and their integration to form organs
    • Requires microscope for viewing samples
    • Differs from gross anatomy, which studies larger body parts visible to the naked eye

    Embryology (Developmental Biology)

    • Study of individual development, including embryo and fetus development

    Cytology

    • Study of cell structure and function
    • Example: vaginal smear for estrus detection in canines
    • Does not indicate relationships between cells

    Histopathology

    • Study of diseased tissue
    • Example: organ biopsy

    Cytopathology

    • Study of diseased cells via fluids or tissue
    • Example: fine needle aspirate (of a lump or bump)

    Biospecimen (Tissue Sample)

    • Sample of tissue or whole organ from a non-living animal
    • Biopsy: collection of tissue sample from a living animal
    • Liquid biopsy: blood sample

    Histochemistry and Immunohistochemistry

    • Histochemistry: staining of enzymes
    • Immunohistochemistry: binding of antibodies labeled with fluorescent dyes or enzymes to antigens, resulting in a color change
    • Very specific and can stain glucagon and insulin in pancreatic islets of Langerhans

    Microscopy Types

    • Light Microscopy
      • Advantages: inexpensive, rapid diagnosis, viewing live specimens, resolving power of 2 micrometers
      • Disadvantages: requires expertise, requires maintenance, 2-dimensional image, limited resolving power based on light wavelength
    • Bright Field Microscopy
      • Requires staining for contrast
      • Similar to digital scanners
    • Phase Contrast Microscopy
      • Allows viewing of living, non-stained structures (e.g., cell culture, tissue culture, spermatozoa, leukocytes)
      • Dense structures have higher refractive indices than less dense structures
    • Fluorescence Microscopy
      • Stains specific cellular components and views them under ultraviolet light

    Preparing Tissue for Microscopic Examination

    • Step 1: Collect tissue sample via biopsy or biospecimen
    • Step 2: Trim tissue to 1cm^3
    • Step 3: Fix tissue with 10% formalin fixative
    • Step 4: Dehydrate with increasing alcohol percentage
    • Step 5: Clear with xylene
    • Step 6: Infiltrate at 58-60°C
    • Step 7: Embed with paraffin wax
    • Step 8: Slice with a microtome

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    Related Documents

    Microanatomy Intro.docx

    Description

    Test your knowledge of microanatomy, the study of cells and tissues, and how they form organs. Learn about the differences between microanatomy and gross anatomy, and how embryology relates to it. Take this quiz to see how well you understand the basics of microanatomy!

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