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Intro to Microanatomy Quiz
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Intro to Microanatomy Quiz

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@ashp1101

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary difference between histology and cytology?

  • Histology shows cell relationships, while cytology does not (correct)
  • Histology is the study of whole organs, while cytology is the study of individual cells
  • Histology studies embryos, while cytology studies adult cells
  • Histology is the study of diseased cells, while cytology is the study of healthy cells

    • What is the purpose of a microtome in histology?

  • To cut the sample into 1-7 micrometer thin sections (correct)
  • To examine the tissue samples under a microscope
  • To stain the tissue samples
  • To retrieve the sample from the non-living animal

    • Which of the following statements is true regarding Gomori's Method of staining the brush border of the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney?

  • Acidic kinase stains brown
  • Alkaline phosphatase stains black (correct)
  • Alkaline kinase stains brown
  • Acidic phosphatase stains black

    • The image shows which stain type?

    <p>H&amp;E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of diseased tissue called?

    <p>Histopathology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of immunohistochemistry?

    <p>It involves the binding of antibodies labeled with fluorescent dyes or enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the staining of enzymes?

    <p>Histochemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscope produced this image?

    <p>TEM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of microscopy allows for the viewing of living, non-stained structures?

    <p>Phase contrast microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following stains goblet cells magenta?

    <p>PAS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resolving power of light microscopy in micrometers?

    <p>2 um</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of light microscopy?

    <p>It requires expertise for diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature used for the infiltration process in preparing a tissue sample for microscopy?

    <p>58-60°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of microscopy involves the staining of specific cellular components and viewing them under ultraviolet light?

    <p>Fluorescence microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The image shows which stain type?

    <p>Gomori's Method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding xylene to the solution during the preparation of a tissue sample for microscopy?

    <p>To remove the alcohol for the clearing process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The image shows which stain type?

    <p>Masson's Trichrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using paraffin wax in the preparation of a tissue sample for microscopy?

    <p>To embed the sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color of collagen when stained with Mallory’s Trichrome?

    <p>Blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of denser structures in phase contrast microscopy?

    <p>They have a higher refractive index</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the fixation process in preparing a tissue sample for microscopy?

    <p>To coagulate proteins into a life-like manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscope produced this image?

    <p>Phase contrast microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following stains localizes glycogen, glycoproteins, and mucin?

    <p>PAS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using dissecting stereomicroscopy?

    <p>It is inexpensive and versatile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The image shows which stain type?

    <p>Mallory's Trichrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between TEM and SEM?

    <p>TEM shows internal structures, while SEM shows external surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscope produced this image?

    <p>SEM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of adding a polarizing filter to a bright field microscope?

    <p>To highlight birefringent materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major limitation of TEM?

    <p>It requires extensive preparation of the specimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following will stain goblet cells pale?

    <p>H&amp;E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding Haematoxylin within the H&E stain?

    <p>Nucleus, DNA, and RNA stain blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the collection of a tissue sample from a living animal?

    <p>Biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following stains is commonly used for routine evaluations?

    <p>Haematoxylin-Eosin (H&amp;E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscope produced this image?

    <p>Immunohistochemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscope produced this image?

    <p>Polarized microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resolving power of the TEM?

    <p>0.16-0.18 nanometers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is correct in regards to Masson's Trichrome staining?

    <p>Collagen stains green. Smooth muscle stains grey.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of the development of an individual called?

    <p>Embryology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is TEM more powerful than light microscopy?

    <p>Because it uses shorter wavelengths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which microscope produced this image?

    <p>Bright field microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color does Immunohistochemistry stain glucagon and insulin within the Pancreatic Islets of Langerhans?

    <p>Brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding Eosin within the H&E stain?

    <p>Cytoplasm and proteins stain pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The image shows which stain type?

    <p>PAS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Culture and Fluorescence

    • In cell culture of kidney cells, blue fluorescent dye binds to nuclear DNA, and green fluorescent dye binds to actin filaments.

    Microscopy

    Polarized Microscopy

    • Uses polarizing filter to highlight birefringent materials (e.g., crystalline materials or collagen fibers)

    Dissecting Stereomicroscopy

    • Advantages: inexpensive, used in microsurgery, 3-dimensional image, practical, and versatile
    • Disadvantages: requires maintenance, low resolving power

    Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

    • Uses electron beams with shorter wavelength than light beams, resulting in higher resolution (1000-fold)
    • Electron beams interact with tissue components
    • Advantages: high resolving power (0.16-0.18 nanometers), rapid diagnosis of viruses and storage diseases
    • Disadvantages: expensive, requires extensive sample preparation, 2-dimensional images, black and white images, and cannot be used with living specimens

    Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

    • Uses electron beams to scan specimen surfaces, resulting in a 3-dimensional effect
    • Only shows external surfaces
    • Lower resolution compared to TEM

    Microanatomy (Histology)

    • Study of cells, tissues, and their integration to form organs
    • Requires microscope for viewing samples
    • Differs from gross anatomy, which studies larger body parts visible to the naked eye

    Embryology (Developmental Biology)

    • Study of individual development, including embryo and fetus development

    Cytology

    • Study of cell structure and function
    • Example: vaginal smear for estrus detection in canines
    • Does not indicate relationships between cells

    Histopathology

    • Study of diseased tissue
    • Example: organ biopsy

    Cytopathology

    • Study of diseased cells via fluids or tissue
    • Example: fine needle aspirate (of a lump or bump)

    Biospecimen (Tissue Sample)

    • Sample of tissue or whole organ from a non-living animal
    • Biopsy: collection of tissue sample from a living animal
    • Liquid biopsy: blood sample

    Histochemistry and Immunohistochemistry

    • Histochemistry: staining of enzymes
    • Immunohistochemistry: binding of antibodies labeled with fluorescent dyes or enzymes to antigens, resulting in a color change
    • Very specific and can stain glucagon and insulin in pancreatic islets of Langerhans

    Microscopy Types

    • Light Microscopy
      • Advantages: inexpensive, rapid diagnosis, viewing live specimens, resolving power of 2 micrometers
      • Disadvantages: requires expertise, requires maintenance, 2-dimensional image, limited resolving power based on light wavelength
    • Bright Field Microscopy
      • Requires staining for contrast
      • Similar to digital scanners
    • Phase Contrast Microscopy
      • Allows viewing of living, non-stained structures (e.g., cell culture, tissue culture, spermatozoa, leukocytes)
      • Dense structures have higher refractive indices than less dense structures
    • Fluorescence Microscopy
      • Stains specific cellular components and views them under ultraviolet light

    Preparing Tissue for Microscopic Examination

    • Step 1: Collect tissue sample via biopsy or biospecimen
    • Step 2: Trim tissue to 1cm^3
    • Step 3: Fix tissue with 10% formalin fixative
    • Step 4: Dehydrate with increasing alcohol percentage
    • Step 5: Clear with xylene
    • Step 6: Infiltrate at 58-60°C
    • Step 7: Embed with paraffin wax
    • Step 8: Slice with a microtome

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