Micro-organisms: Structure and Characteristics

Study Notes

Micro-organisms: Basic Structure and Characteristics

Microorganisms are tiny living organisms invisible to the naked eye.
They are diverse and crucial for environmental processes and the web of life.
Key groups include viruses, bacteria, protists, and fungi.

Viruses

Viruses are acellular entities, non-living, with genetic material (DNA or RNA) within a protein coat.
They replicate inside host cells.
They are not considered living organisms due to their inability to reproduce independently.

Bacteria

Bacteria are prokaryotic, lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
They possess a cell wall and diverse shapes (spiral, rod, spherical).
Bacteria are diverse metabolically, essential to decomposition, nutrient cycling, and symbiotic relationships.

Protista

Protists are eukaryotic, containing a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Often unicellular but show diversity in form.
Protists demonstrate great diversity, capable of photosynthesis, heterotrophy, or mixotrophy.

Fungi

Fungi are eukaryotic organisms, either unicellular (yeasts) or multicellular (molds, mushrooms).
Most fungi are heterotrophic, absorbing nutrients from their surroundings.
They are key players in decomposition and nutrient cycling.

Roles in Maintaining Balance

Microorganisms interact and influence each other in complex ways.
They are essential for maintaining ecosystem balance.
Viruses influence bacterial populations.
Bacteria are crucial decomposers.
Protists contribute to nutrient cycling and food webs.
Fungi significantly contribute to organic matter breakdown.
These diverse microbial groups are critical for a healthy environment and web of life.

Description

Explore the fascinating world of micro-organisms in this quiz. Understand the basic structures and characteristics of viruses, bacteria, and protists, and their vital roles in ecosystems. Test your knowledge on their classification and functions.