Micelles Solubilization Theory

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What is the primary difference between O/W and W/O emulsions?

The temperature at which they are formed

The type of surfactants used

The amount of water present (correct)

The color of the emulsion

Which step is NOT involved in the process of detergency with surfactants?

Deflocculation and Suspension of dirt materials

Initial wetting of the dirt and surface

Emulsification or solubilization of the dirt particles

Evaporation of the dirt particles (correct)

How do surfactants contribute to antibacterial activity?

By reducing the penetration of antibacterial compounds through the membrane

By adsorbing on the cell surface and increasing membrane permeability (correct)

By decreasing the permeability of the cell membrane

By increasing the cell size of bacteria

What is the role of surfactants in increasing the activity of other antibacterial compounds?

Enhancing their penetration through the cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

In what conditions does adsorption take place at solid interfaces?

From either an adjacent liquid or gas phase Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the process of adsorption on solid surfaces for porous materials?

Occurrence at the surface of a solid material Signup and view all the answers

Where are non-polar solubilizates dissolved in a micelle?

In the micelle core Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs are better absorbed when solubilized in surfactants?

Water-insoluble drugs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of micelles in solubilization?

Enhancing solubility of molecules Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the micelle are slightly soluble solubilizates without a distinct amphiphilic structure located?

Between the surface and core Signup and view all the answers

What is the oldest application of solubilization mentioned in the text?

Cresol solubilization for disinfection Signup and view all the answers

Where are water insoluble compounds with polar groups oriented in a micelle?

Polar groups at the surface, hydrophobic groups inside the core Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of foaming agents?

To stabilize air globules in a water film Signup and view all the answers

Which role do antifoaming agents play in pharmaceutical liquid preparations?

Reduce foam formation Signup and view all the answers

What does a wetting agent do when dissolved in water?

Lowers the contact angle between a liquid and a solid Signup and view all the answers

Which type of agent aids in displacing an air phase with a liquid phase?

Wetting agent Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of antifoaming agents in pharmaceutical preparations?

To reduce foam formation during manufacturing Signup and view all the answers

How does a wetting agent affect the contact angle between a liquid and a solid?

Lower it Signup and view all the answers

Which type of adsorption involves the formation of chemical bonds between the adsorbate and the adsorbent?

Chemical adsorption Signup and view all the answers

What happens during desorption in physical adsorption?

Gas can be desorbed by increasing temperature or reducing pressure Signup and view all the answers

How does the rate of adsorption change with increasing adsorbate pressure in chemical adsorption?

The rate of adsorption decreases Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects the completeness of the process of adsorption from solvents?

Dilution level Signup and view all the answers

When does the adsorption capacity of an adsorbent vary for the same compound (adsorbate)?

Based on the surface area of the adsorbent Signup and view all the answers

What determines the degree of gas adsorption by a solid?

Chemical nature of both the adsorbent and the adsorbate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that affects the adsorption process in terms of the surface area of the adsorbent?

Particle size and porosity Signup and view all the answers

Which application involves the use of alumina and silica gel to remove traces of moisture from organic solvents or compounds?

Desiccants and drying agents Signup and view all the answers

In which application does the removal of ions from solutions rely on the affinity of certain adsorbents to specific ions?

Ion exchangers Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using charcoal as an antidote in oral intoxication?

To adsorb and remove toxins like atropine and strychnine Signup and view all the answers

What technique relies on the difference in affinity of an adsorbent for various solutes for separation?

Adsorption chromatography Signup and view all the answers

Why are volatile oils fixed on the surface of a solid with a large surface area?

To enhance the smell of the product Signup and view all the answers