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Week 7 MHC2 Assembly and Antigen Presentation Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the invariant chain in MHC2 assembly?

Acts as a placeholder in the antigen binding site

Where does naive T cell presentation occur?

Within the spleen

What is the role of dendritic cells in the immune response?

Express receptors for capturing microbes

What is necessary for T cell activation?

<p>Expression of co-stimulatory molecules by DC cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to activated T cells?

<p>They proliferate and secrete cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells differentiate into effector and memory T cells?

<p>Naive T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main therapeutic application of CD40-CD40L inhibitors mentioned in the text?

<p>Transplant rejection and chronic inflammatory disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy is approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and transplant rejection?

<p>CTLA-4-Ig therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does IL-2 have on T cells post-activation?

<p>Promotes growth, survival, and differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Memory T cells in the immune system?

<p>Prolong survival by expressing anti-apoptotic proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

What leads to the decline of immune response according to the text?

<p>Activation of cellular stress sensors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immune cells are mainly responsible for rapid antigen response?

<p>Memory T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of CD40-CD40L interaction?

<p>to directly enhance T cell activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokines trigger TH1 polarization?

<p>IL-12 and IFN-y</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of TH2 polarization?

<p>enhancement of mast cell degranulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are activated by TH17 polarization?

<p>neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic application of TH1 polarization?

<p>fibrosarcoma treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokines mediate TH2 polarization function?

<p>IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is an activating co-stimulatory molecule for T cells?

<p>CD28</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a lack of co-stimulatory molecules when trying to activate T cells?

<p>Anergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the two-signal system in T cell activation?

<p>To prevent accidental killing by T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of T cell coordinates with macrophages, B cells, and DC cells for close communication?

<p>CD4+</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of co-stimulatory molecules in T cell activation?

<p>They enhance or inhibit the action of T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which co-stimulator activates receptors that promote the survival and proliferation of naive T cells?

<p>B7 : CD28</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which co-stimulator plays a critical role in the helper T cell-dependent antibody response?

<p>ICOS</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which co-stimulator inhibits the initial activation of T cells in secondary lymphoid organs?

<p>CTLA-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which co-stimulator inhibits the activation of effector T cells in peripheral tissues?

<p>PD-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which co-stimulator enhances the response of T cells by activating APCs, even if B7 and CD28 are not connecting?

<p>CD40-CD40L</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the endogenous antigen processing occur in a cell?

<p>In the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of protease in the endogenous antigen processing?

<p>Shortens the antigen fragments to perfect length</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immune cells can phagocytose exogenous antigens for processing?

<p>Dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to exogenous antigens after being broken down within endosomes?

<p>Wait for further processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of MHC1-peptide complexes on a cell surface?

<p>To interact with CD8+ T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many MHCpeptide complexes can one cell express according to the text?

<p>$1,000,000$</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the invariant chain in MHC2 assembly?

<p>Functions as a placeholder in the antigen binding site</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do dendritic cells migrate to for mature presentation to naive T cells?

<p>Lymph nodes and spleen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if there is no co-stimulation during T cell activation?

<p>No response or tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules are needed for T cell activation?

<p>MHC-TCR and co-stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of effector T cells?

<p>Secrete cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which regions in MHC2 molecules constitute the antigen binding site?

<p>Alpha1 and beta1</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which outcome is associated with CD8 T cells?

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or False: Cytokines exclusively act in an endocrine manner with high receptor affinity.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the action of one cytokine inhibiting the effect of another?

<p>Antagonism</p> Signup and view all the answers

In artificially assembling a TH2 molecule, what is the correct order in the process?

<p>Alpha chain assembles in VJ region before VDJ assembles in the beta chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true about artificially assembling a TH2 molecule?

<p>VDJ assembles in the alpha chain before VJ assembles in the beta chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

When discussing T cell activation, which statement is correct regarding co-stimulatory molecules?

<p>Enhances the response of T cells by activating APCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following T cell subsets is primarily involved in eosinophil activation?

<p>TH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for activating eosinophils in response to a parasitic infection?

<p>IL-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which T cell subset plays a central role in cellular immunity?

<p>TH1</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokines are involved in activating TH1 polarization?

<p>IL-12 and IFN-Y</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of M2 macrophages in the immune response?

<p>Both a and c</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cytokines is not involved in TH2 polarization?

<p>IFN-Y</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes?

<p>To directly kill infected or tumor cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is mainly secreted by CD8+ T cells?

<p>IFN-γ</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is involved in the differentiation of CD8+ T cells into effector cells?

<p>IL-12</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main outcome of T cell exhaustion during chronic infection?

<p>Decreased production of IFN-γ and increased expression of inhibitory receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which transcription factor is involved in the control of CD8+ T cell function?

<p>T-bet</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antigen processing involves the protease eating the antigen into 8-10 amino acid fragments?

<p>Endogenous antigen processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the TAP dimer in antigen processing?

<p>Shortening antigen fragments to the perfect length for binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type can phagocytose exogenous antigens for processing?

<p>Dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC1-peptide complexes on a cell surface?

<p>Signal for cytotoxic T cell response</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region of MHC1 molecules constitutes the binding site for antigen fragments?

<p>Alpha 1 and Alpha 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to exogenous antigens after being broken down within endosomes?

<p>They wait for further processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is an activating co-stimulatory molecule for T cells?

<p>CD28</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a lack of co-stimulatory molecules when trying to activate T cells?

<p>Anergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of T cell coordinates with macrophages, B cells, and DC cells for close communication?

<p>CD4+ T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of TH2 polarization?

<p>Regulating humoral immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which co-stimulator plays a critical role in the helper T cell-dependent antibody response?

<p>CD40L</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main therapeutic application of CD40-CD40L inhibitors in clinical trials?

<p>Treatment of transplant rejection</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cytokine produced by CD4+ T cells early after stimulation?

<p>IL-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which T cell subset plays a central role in cellular immunity?

<p>CD8+ T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are activated by TH17 polarization?

<p>Neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of TH2 polarization?

<p>Humoral immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of M2 macrophages in the immune response?

<p>Anti-inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for the differentiation of naive CD8+ T cells into effector cells?

<p>IL-12</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which transcription factor controls the function of CD8+ T cells?

<p>T-bet and Eomesodermin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes?

<p>To kill infected cells and produce cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is mainly secreted by CD8+ T cells?

<p>IFN-γ</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immune cells can phagocytose exogenous antigens for processing?

<p>Dendritic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokines mediate TH2 polarization function?

<p>IL-4 and IL-13</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is primarily responsible for activating eosinophils in response to a parasitic infection?

<p>IL-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of T cell coordinates with macrophages, B cells, and DC cells for close communication?

<p>CD4+ T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the invariant chain in MHC2 assembly?

<p>To prevent the binding of endogenous peptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which co-stimulator enhances the response of T cells by activating APCs, even if B7 and CD28 are not connecting?

<p>CD137</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which co-stimulator activates receptors that promote the survival and proliferation of naive T cells?

<p>CD28</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokines are involved in activating TH1 polarization?

<p>IL-12 and IFN-γ</p> Signup and view all the answers

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