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Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
What creates motivation?
What creates motivation?
Multiple contextual and personal factors.
Raises and other monetary incentives are examples of?
Raises and other monetary incentives are examples of?
- Personal achievements
- Internal motivators
- Intrinsic rewards
- Extrinsic rewards (correct)
What is known as a satisfaction from performing a task?
What is known as a satisfaction from performing a task?
Intrinsic reward
There is one main theory about what motivates people that is accepted by most people.
There is one main theory about what motivates people that is accepted by most people.
What are the psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior called?
What are the psychological processes that arouse and direct goal-directed behavior called?
What are the principal perspectives on motivation?
What are the principal perspectives on motivation?
What are physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior called?
What are physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior called?
According to McClelland's acquired needs theory, what type of power is expressed in dominance over others?
According to McClelland's acquired needs theory, what type of power is expressed in dominance over others?
What motivates Leslie to work on challenging tasks?
What motivates Leslie to work on challenging tasks?
How does McClelland view needs?
How does McClelland view needs?
What is the theory of motivation that emphasizes competence, autonomy, and relatedness?
What is the theory of motivation that emphasizes competence, autonomy, and relatedness?
What type of power is used to further organizational goals?
What type of power is used to further organizational goals?
What do people motivated by the need for achievement want?
What do people motivated by the need for achievement want?
According to Herzberg, what factors are associated with achievement and recognition?
According to Herzberg, what factors are associated with achievement and recognition?
Which theories of motivation are characterized as process perspectives?
Which theories of motivation are characterized as process perspectives?
What theory exemplifies employee satisfaction with advancement but dissatisfaction with pay scale?
What theory exemplifies employee satisfaction with advancement but dissatisfaction with pay scale?
What motivates employees according to equity theory?
What motivates employees according to equity theory?
When Nanci analyzes her staff's pay scale for equity, which aspect of equity theory is she considering?
When Nanci analyzes her staff's pay scale for equity, which aspect of equity theory is she considering?
Which perspectives focus on the thought progression that leads people to act?
Which perspectives focus on the thought progression that leads people to act?
According to equity theory, what happens when people believe there is equity?
According to equity theory, what happens when people believe there is equity?
What does equity theory aim to achieve?
What does equity theory aim to achieve?
According to equity and justice theories, what should organizational decisions include?
According to equity and justice theories, what should organizational decisions include?
What are the stages of Victor Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation?
What are the stages of Victor Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation?
What area of equity theory examines employee treatment fairness at work?
What area of equity theory examines employee treatment fairness at work?
What is the term for Jaleel believing that hard work will result in a high score?
What is the term for Jaleel believing that hard work will result in a high score?
What are the key ideas drawn from equity and justice theories?
What are the key ideas drawn from equity and justice theories?
In expectancy theory, what is the expectation that successful task performance will lead to a desired outcome called?
In expectancy theory, what is the expectation that successful task performance will lead to a desired outcome called?
What theory suggests motivation is about deciding how much effort to exert?
What theory suggests motivation is about deciding how much effort to exert?
What theory motivates employees by setting specific, challenging, and achievable objectives?
What theory motivates employees by setting specific, challenging, and achievable objectives?
What does Juanita's belief about hard work resulting in strong performance illustrate?
What does Juanita's belief about hard work resulting in strong performance illustrate?
What motivates us through effort, attention, strategies, and persistence?
What motivates us through effort, attention, strategies, and persistence?
What does Keri's confidence in promotion based on exceeding her sales quota demonstrate?
What does Keri's confidence in promotion based on exceeding her sales quota demonstrate?
How does Lois feel about the bonus she could earn by working overtime?
How does Lois feel about the bonus she could earn by working overtime?
What effect do stretch goals have on risk-taking?
What effect do stretch goals have on risk-taking?
What describes characteristics of motivating goals according to goal-setting theory?
What describes characteristics of motivating goals according to goal-setting theory?
What should Eisuke remember about setting goals?
What should Eisuke remember about setting goals?
What approach does modern job design follow?
What approach does modern job design follow?
What do goals increase according to Marie's situation?
What do goals increase according to Marie's situation?
What term describes the process of reducing the number of tasks a worker performs?
What term describes the process of reducing the number of tasks a worker performs?
What is a goal that goes beyond expected achievements called?
What is a goal that goes beyond expected achievements called?
What are the two means by which jobs are fitted to people?
What are the two means by which jobs are fitted to people?
What term describes increasing the number of tasks in a job on the assembly line?
What term describes increasing the number of tasks in a job on the assembly line?
What does dividing work among employees and applying motivational theories aim to do?
What does dividing work among employees and applying motivational theories aim to do?
What are the three major elements of Hackman & Oldham's job characteristics model?
What are the three major elements of Hackman & Oldham's job characteristics model?
How does goal setting motivate employees?
How does goal setting motivate employees?
What does scientific management aim to improve?
What does scientific management aim to improve?
What ideas does fitting jobs to people rely on?
What ideas does fitting jobs to people rely on?
What focuses on five core job characteristics affecting psych states?
What focuses on five core job characteristics affecting psych states?
What are the core job characteristics in Hackman & Oldham's model?
What are the core job characteristics in Hackman & Oldham's model?
What does Tamika love about her job?
What does Tamika love about her job?
What are the three critical psych states identified by the job characteristics model?
What are the three critical psych states identified by the job characteristics model?
What does reinforcement theory state?
What does reinforcement theory state?
What do contingency factors refer to?
What do contingency factors refer to?
What is the term for using reinforcement theory to change behavior?
What is the term for using reinforcement theory to change behavior?
What does a professor giving bonus points for attendance exemplify?
What does a professor giving bonus points for attendance exemplify?
What does Jacob's job dissatisfaction indicate?
What does Jacob's job dissatisfaction indicate?
What would about half of US adults be willing to do for a meaningful job?
What would about half of US adults be willing to do for a meaningful job?
What does turning in an expense report to avoid nagging illustrate?
What does turning in an expense report to avoid nagging illustrate?
What must an incentive compensation plan include to be successful?
What must an incentive compensation plan include to be successful?
Pay for performance allows different salaried employees to get different pay raises and rewards.
Pay for performance allows different salaried employees to get different pay raises and rewards.
What type of pay-for-performance plan pays according to productivity?
What type of pay-for-performance plan pays according to productivity?
Money is the best motivator.
Money is the best motivator.
What do sales representatives receive as a percentage of the company's sales?
What do sales representatives receive as a percentage of the company's sales?
What is the goal of an incentive compensation plan?
What is the goal of an incentive compensation plan?
What is a cash reward for strong performance called?
What is a cash reward for strong performance called?
What is crucial for an incentive compensation plan?
What is crucial for an incentive compensation plan?
What does profit sharing involve?
What does profit sharing involve?
What does pay-for-performance refer to?
What does pay-for-performance refer to?
What compensation plan does Merilee's payment structure represent?
What compensation plan does Merilee's payment structure represent?
What type of compensation does Louisa earn for selling a house?
What type of compensation does Louisa earn for selling a house?
What gives employees the right to buy stock at a future date for a discounted price?
What gives employees the right to buy stock at a future date for a discounted price?
What are cash awards for achieving specific performance objectives called?
What are cash awards for achieving specific performance objectives called?
What does Tyler's salary increase for certification illustrate?
What does Tyler's salary increase for certification illustrate?
What are the three types of learning opportunities?
What are the three types of learning opportunities?
What constitutes well-being according to Martin Seligman?
What constitutes well-being according to Martin Seligman?
What describes a sense of belonging to something bigger than oneself?
What describes a sense of belonging to something bigger than oneself?
What type of compensation ties pay to the number of job-relevant skills or degrees?
What type of compensation ties pay to the number of job-relevant skills or degrees?
What describes the economic potential of employee experience and actions?
What describes the economic potential of employee experience and actions?
What does flourishing encompass?
What does flourishing encompass?
What strategies add meaningfulness to life?
What strategies add meaningfulness to life?
What term describes employees' constructive expressions to managers?
What term describes employees' constructive expressions to managers?
What is a goal?
What is a goal?
What does Ryo's lack of excitement about performance goals indicate?
What does Ryo's lack of excitement about performance goals indicate?
What does Lucy want before taking on new job responsibilities?
What does Lucy want before taking on new job responsibilities?
What does Mateo prefer over a bonus check?
What does Mateo prefer over a bonus check?
What does Thu's disinterest in a steak gift card illustrate?
What does Thu's disinterest in a steak gift card illustrate?
What does Darius's lack of confidence in a project stem from?
What does Darius's lack of confidence in a project stem from?
What does Catalina's anticipation of a bonus indicate?
What does Catalina's anticipation of a bonus indicate?
What does Madison's drive to succeed reflect?
What does Madison's drive to succeed reflect?
What does Adnan's situation exemplify about performance incentives?
What does Adnan's situation exemplify about performance incentives?
According to Maslow, what does monthly salary satisfy?
According to Maslow, what does monthly salary satisfy?
What does health insurance and pension plans cover in Maslow's hierarchy?
What does health insurance and pension plans cover in Maslow's hierarchy?
What does a close-knit workplace culture fulfill in Maslow's hierarchy?
What does a close-knit workplace culture fulfill in Maslow's hierarchy?
What fulfills esteem needs in the workplace, according to Maslow?
What fulfills esteem needs in the workplace, according to Maslow?
What need does reaching full potential satisfy in Maslow's hierarchy?
What need does reaching full potential satisfy in Maslow's hierarchy?
What technique increases the likelihood of behavior repetition by removing discomfort?
What technique increases the likelihood of behavior repetition by removing discomfort?
A behavior is likely repeated in future because it is ignored.
A behavior is likely repeated in future because it is ignored.
What increases the likelihood of behavior being repeated due to receiving something desired?
What increases the likelihood of behavior being repeated due to receiving something desired?
Questions and Answers
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Study Notes
Study Notes
Motivation
- Motivation is influenced by various contextual and personal factors, inferred through behavior.
- Extrinsic rewards include monetary incentives like raises.
- Intrinsic rewards are feelings of accomplishment derived from task completion.
Motivation Theories
- There is not a single universally accepted theory of motivation; various theories exist.
- The psychological processes that initiate and direct goal-directed behavior are encompassed by "motivation."
- Major perspectives on motivation include process, reinforcement, job design, and content theories.
Needs and Achievements
- Needs, either physiological or psychological, spur behavior.
- According to McClelland's theory, personal power stems from the desire to dominate others.
- Individuals motivated by achievement seek challenging tasks and balanced feedback.
Self-Determination Theory
- This theory emphasizes growth through fulfilling three innate needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness.
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
- Motivating factors involve achievement, recognition, responsibility, and love for the work.
- Dissatisfaction at work can be attributed to hygiene factors such as pay and work conditions.
Equity and Justice Theories
- Equity theory posits that fair treatment influences employee motivation.
- Org justice assesses perceived fairness within organizations, essential for motivating employees.
- The theory distinguishes outputs (rewards) and inputs (efforts) concerning perceived equity.
Expectancy Theory
- Expectancy theory is framed by the belief that efforts lead to performance, which then yields rewards.
- Key concepts include effort-to-performance, performance-to-outcomes, expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.
- Goals drive motivation by influencing effort, strategies, attention, and persistence.
Job Design
- Scientific management focuses on task reduction to enhance efficiency.
- Modern job design involves fitting jobs to people, emphasizing job enlargement and enrichment.
- Hackman & Oldham's job characteristics model highlights core characteristics impacting psychological states and work outcomes.
Incentive Compensation Plans
- Incentive plans link pay to performance, crucial for motivating employees to improve effort.
- Types of compensation include bonuses, profit sharing, and commissions.
- The effectiveness of incentive plans depends on alignment with measurable performance goals.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
- In Maslow's framework:
- Physiological needs relate to monthly salaries.
- Safety needs encompass health benefits and pensions.
- Love relates to a close-knit workplace culture.
- Esteem needs are met through recognition of work.
- Self-actualization involves reaching one’s full potential at work.
Employee Engagement and Well-Being
- Well-being is a combination of positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and achievement.
- Employees desire meaningful work, which influences motivation and satisfaction.
Summary
- Motivation theories are diverse, with each providing insights on different aspects of the motivational process.
- Understanding the interplay of needs, goals, and systems of rewards is vital for improving workplace motivation and satisfaction.
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