Questions and Answers
Who is known as the father of modern management?
Peter Drucker
What are some of Drucker's ideas regarding management?
What does the classical viewpoint in management refer to?
Scientific management and administrative management
Who is known for the principles of scientific management?
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Which of the following were principles established by Frederick Taylor?
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What is the main goal of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth's work in Industrial Engineering?
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Who is considered the father of African-American management?
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What did Fayol contribute to management theory?
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Which management approach emphasizes better human relations to increase productivity?
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What is the importance of the Hawthorne Effect?
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Who developed the hierarchy of needs?
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What characterized Theory X managers?
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What is the focus of evidence-based management?
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What are the four parts of the systems viewpoint in management?
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Define synergy in a management context.
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What does Total Quality Management (TQM) focus on?
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What is the role of high-performance work practices?
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What is e-commerce?
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What is meant by 'responsible management education'?
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What does 'meaningfulness' in management refer to?
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Study Notes
Peter Drucker
- Known as the father of modern management; his ideas revolutionized organizational practices.
- Emphasized treating workers as valuable assets and viewing corporations as human communities.
- Advocated that businesses exist to serve customers and prefer institutionalized management over charismatic leaders.
Drucker's Ideas
- Suggested that a corporation should cultivate a community among its employees.
- Highlighted the necessity of having customers for business survival.
- Recommended structured management practices rather than reliance on individual charisma.
Classical Viewpoint
- Encompasses scientific management and administrative management.
- Criticized for reducing humans to mere components within a machine.
Scientific Management
- Involves using scientific studies to enhance individual worker productivity, pioneered by Frederick Taylor and the Gilbreths.
Frederick Taylor's Principles
- Established four principles to elevate productivity: analyze tasks scientifically, select suitable workers, train appropriately, and apply scientific planning methods.
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
- Developed methods to analyze and eliminate inefficient movements in tasks to boost worker efficiency.
- Linked physical motion studies to improvements in workplace productivity.
Administrative Management
- Focuses on overall organizational management, contributions from Spaulding, Fayol, and Weber are crucial in this area.
Clint Spaulding
- Recognized as the father of African-American management, emphasized authority, labor division, capital needs, budgeting, cooperation, and teamwork.
Henri Fayol
- Pioneered systematic management behavior; authored "General and Industrial Management."
- Identified fundamental management functions: planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
Max Weber
- Advocated for bureaucracy as the ideal organizational structure based on logic and efficiency.
- Listed key characteristics of bureaucracy: defined hierarchy, formal procedures, clear labor division, impersonality, and merit-based careers.
Behavioral Viewpoint
- Comprises early behaviorism, the human relations movement, and behavioral science.
Early Behaviorism
- Figures like Munsterberg, Follett, and Mayo laid the groundwork in understanding employee behavior.
Hugo Munsterberg
- Known as the father of industrial psychology; focused on job suitability, optimal working conditions, and management strategies that align employee interests with organizational goals.
Mary Parker Follett
- A trailblazer advocating for democratic organizations; promoted cooperation between managers and employees.
Hawthorne Studies
- Conducted by Mayo, demonstrated that employees respond positively to attention from managers, impacting productivity.
Human Relations Movement
- Emphasized the importance of improving human interactions to foster higher productivity.
Abraham Maslow
- Developed the hierarchy of needs model, suggesting that fulfilling basic needs leads to fulfillment of potential.
Douglas McGregor
- Identified Theory X (workers require coercion) and Theory Y (workers are self-motivated), fundamentally altering management approaches.
Behavioral Science Approach
- Utilizes scientific research to develop actionable theories about human behavior in management.
Disciplines of Behavioral Science
- Incorporates psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics.
Quantitative Viewpoints
- Involves operations management and evidence-based management, focusing on data-driven decisions.
Operations Management
- Encompasses scheduling, production planning, service design, facility layout, and inventory management to enhance organizational effectiveness.
Evidence-Based Management
- Calls for reliance on factual data while challenging traditional management wisdom, aiming for improved organizational performance.
Systems Viewpoint
- Considers organizations as systems with inputs, transformational processes, outputs, and feedback loops.
- Differentiates between open systems (interacting with environments) and closed systems (minimal external interaction).
Synergy
- Achieved when the collective outcome of a group exceeds the sum of individual efforts.
Complexity Theory
- Explores the dynamics of complex systems with interdependent parts operating under simple guiding principles.
Contingency Viewpoint
- Proposes that effective management varies based on circumstances, rejecting the notion of a singular best management approach.
Contemporary Approaches
- Includes learning organizations, high-performance work practices, sustainable development, and responsible management education.
Learning Organization
- Focuses on knowledge sharing and behavior modification to enhance growth and adaptability.
Total Quality Management (TQM)
- A comprehensive approach promoting continuous improvement, employee involvement, and customer satisfaction throughout the organization.
High-Performance Work Practices
- Encourages HR practices aimed at enhancing employee development, motivation, and opportunities.
Shared Value and Sustainable Development
- Concerns the balance between business profits and social/environmental responsibilities, ensuring future generational needs are met.
Responsible Management Education
- Promotes sustainable development initiatives within business education frameworks.
E-commerce vs. E-business
- E-commerce focuses purely on online transactions, while e-business encompasses all internet-facilitated business operations.
Meaningfulness in Work
- Tied to the concept of giving rather than merely receiving, enhancing job satisfaction and employee engagement.
Focus of PRME (Principles for Responsible Management Education)
- Concentrates on the advancement of business education aligned with ethical and sustainable practices.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts from MGT 301 Chapter 2. This quiz covers important figures like Peter Drucker and explores foundational management ideas and viewpoints. Ideal for students aiming to grasp the fundamentals of modern management theory.
