Metrology & Machining Quiz Overview

Module Information

• Module information will be communicated via a noticeboard.
• Module information may also be communicated by lecturers.
• Occasionally, module information will be sent via email using the module email address.
• Lectures will be recorded and available in the module review panel.

Email Expectations

• Expect to receive over 100 emails per day.
• Responds to emails will be sent during working hours (9:00 AM - 5:00 PM).
• Do not expect email responses during evenings or weekends.

Basic Module Details

• Metrology: Jon Petzing
• Subtractive Machining: Radmehr Monfared
• Electronics Manufacture: Patrick Webb
• Phase Test 1: Week 4, 30 multiple-choice questions (20% weighting)
• Phase Test 2: Week 9, 30 multiple-choice questions (30% weighting)
• Exam: Weeks 13-14, multiple-choice questions (50% weighting)

Course Texts

• Primary text: Kalpakjian (Manufacturing Engineering & Technology) - see module information learn pages.
  • Metrology: Chapters 33 & 35
  • Subtractive Machining: Chapters 21-27
  • Electronics Manufacture: Chapter 28
  • Various editions available in the library (4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th).
• Supporting text for Electronics Manufacture: Brindley (Newnes Electronics Assembly Handbook) - hard copy and electronic editions available in the library.
• Supporting texts for Metrology: NPL (Measurement Good Practice Guides) - see Metrology learn pages.

Module Learn Pages

• Use the META module learn pages for Manufacturing Technology (23WS610META).
• Access module information, assessment information, module feedback, and more.

Module Relationships

• Various modules are linked to one another (e.g., Design & Technology/Physics; Materials and Manufacturing Processes; Manufacturing Management; Engineering Science) for reference.
• Many linked modules influence Manufacturing Technology.
• Specific modules (Metrology, Advanced Manufacturing Processes & Technology, Laser Materials Processing, Application of Product Design, Manufacturing Planning & Control) relate directly to Manufacturing Technology in a specific segment of the course.

Metrology

• Metrology isn't the study of weather and climate.
• It's the science of measurement and calibration.
• This is the subject being taught.

Why Metrology Matters

• Measurement ensures design specifications are met.
• Calibration is essential for national/international measurement conformity and confidence.
• Manufacturing companies must adhere to ISO 9000 and ISO/DIS 14253 standards.

Further Importance of Metrology

• Identifies acceptable/unacceptable components/products.
• Facilitates comparisons between manufactured items and established specifications.
• Improves product quality, reduces defects and scrap, and boosts market share, competitiveness, and profitability.

Metrology Breakdown

• 1.0: Legislation and Standards
  • 1.1: Law, Company practices (CCP), British standards (BS), European/International standards.
  • 1.2: Health & Safety, Company regulations, Employee duties, Safe systems of work.
• 2.0: Measurement areas and Equipment (Dimensional, Mechanics, Thermal, Pressure, Vacuum, Electrical -sub-sections within these divisions)
• 3.0: Analysis Methods (Statistical, Graphical, Numerical, Errors, Uncertainties, Probability)
• 4.0: Installation & Dismantling (Configuration techniques, Installation of equipment, Dismantling of equipment, Handling of equipment)
• 1.3: Calibration (Operation & Care, Fault Diagnosis, Company Specifications, Calibrations Methods, Monitoring & Procedures )
• 1.4: Information & Documentation Systems (Information and Document handling, Data Presentation & Communication, Computer Applications, Procedures for handover)

Measurement Unit Systems

• Four common measurement units exist worldwide: British Imperial, Centimetre-Gram-Second (CGS), Metre-Kilogram-Second (MKS), and Systeme International d'Unites(SI).
• The SI system is the legal measurement standard in the UK.

Changing the SI Measurement System

• Definitions of units are continually improved enabling tighter tolerances and less waste.
• The revised SI units apply across most scientific measurements.
• The new SI definitions (May 20th 2019) affect four base units:
  • Kilogram (Planck constant)
  • Ampere (elementary charge)
  • Kelvin (Boltzmann constant)
  • Mole (Avogadro constant)

2019 SI Measurement System Definitions

• 1 metre: (m) the distance light travels in a fraction of a second.
• 1 kilogram: (kg) fixed numerical value of the Planck constant (h).
• 1 second: (s) duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of transition.
• 1 ampere: (A) fixed numerical value of the elementary charge (e).

2019 SI Measurement System Definitions (Continued)

• 1 kelvin: (K) fixed numerical value of the Boltzmann constant (k).
• 1 candela: (cd) luminous intensity of a monochromatic light source.
• 1 mole: (mol) one mole contains Avogadro's number of entities.

History of Metrology

• Egyptian "Cubit" (c. 1500 BC)
• Monarch-based measurements (1000 AD - 1800 AD)
• Metric system established in France (1795)
• British Yard standard adopted (1824)
• British Yard standard destroyed by fire (1834)
• New Imperial Standard Yard legalized (1855)
• French Bureau International des Poids et Mesures founded (1875)
• National Physical Laboratory (NPL) founded (1900)
• Engineering Standards Committee formed (1901)
• USA National Bureau of Standards founded (1901)
• Standard temperature change (62°F to 20°C) (1932)
• Laser invented (1958)
• First ISO 9000 series standards issued (1987)
• ISO 9000 standards updated (1994)
• ISO/DIS 14253 standard issued (1997)