30 Questions
What is added to the sterile aqueous suspension to adjust tonicity?
Sodium Chloride
Which structure of proteins can be disrupted if the higher order structure is disturbed?
Tertiary structure
What can vigorous agitation cause in protein formulations?
Foaming and denaturation
What problem can arise from the loss of protein by adsorption to surfaces during the manufacturing process?
Loss of biological activity
Which factor is critical to maintaining during the protein preparation process?
Temperature and pH
Which biotech-derived product was the first one approved by the FDA?
Human insulin
Why must large-volume parenteral solutions not contain bacteriostatic agents or other pharmaceutical additives?
Due to the large volumes administered
Which of the following is a common use of large-volume parenteral solutions?
Replacing lost fluids and electrolytes
Why should Dextrose Injection, USP not be administered simultaneously with blood through the same administration set?
Due to the possibility of pseudo agglutination or hemolysis
What is the primary function of Sodium chloride & Dextrose injection?
To act as a fluids and electrolyte replenisher
In which clinical condition should Sodium chloride injection be used with great care?
Congestive heart failure
What percentage of Sodium chloride does Sodium chloride injection contain?
0.9%
What is a common strategy to enhance the stability of proteins in organic solvents?
Adding additives such as other proteins, amino acids, and surfactants
How can protein stability be improved using genetic engineering methods?
Modification of protein structure
What is a characteristic of Small Volume Parenterals (SVP) as defined by the USP?
Packaged in containers labeled as containing 100 mL or less
Which administration route can be used for Small Volume Parenterals?
IV bolus or IV push
When are Large Volume Parenterals typically administered?
By IV infusion to replenish body fluids or provide nutrition
What distinguishes Large Volume Parenterals from Small Volume Parenterals in terms of container size?
Large Volume Parenterals are packaged in containers containing more than 100 mL
Which electrolyte is NOT mentioned as part of the total parenteral nutrition?
Iron
What is a suitable condition for the use of total parenteral nutrition?
Undernourishment requiring surgery
Which category of patients is mentioned as suitable for total nutrient admixtures?
Gastrointestinal patients
What could be a disadvantage of using a three-in-one total nutrient admixture?
Obscuring precipitates
What are the common standards for irrigation and dialysis solutions?
Clarity, sterile, pyrogen free
What is the preferred method when a lipid emulsion is needed in total parenteral nutrition?
Mix it in a two-in-one admixture
What distinguishes irrigation and dialysis solutions from other medications?
They are packaged in large containers for rapid pouring.
Which of the following is an example of an irrigation solution?
Acetic acid irrigation, USP
What is the purpose of Neomycin and Polymyxin B sulfates solution for irrigation, USP?
To act as a topical antibacterial in bladder irrigation
Why must Ringer's irrigation, USP be labeled as 'NOT FOR INJECTION'?
Because it is intended to be used topically for irrigation
In what form is Sodium chloride irrigation, USP employed?
As a topical solution for wounds
What does Sterile water for irrigation, USP typically do?
Washes surgical debris and blood away
Test your knowledge on the formulation process of methylprednisolone acetate injections and protein formulations, including adjusting tonicity, pH levels, and specific issues related to protein processing. Learn about the first biotech-derived product approved by the FDA, human insulin.
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