30 Questions
Which of the following is responsible for inducing migration by producing Rho family proteins?
EGF (Epidermal growth factor)
What is the process by which a tumor cell transitions back to an epithelial state after migrating to a new location?
MET
What is the role of Zeb 1 and 2 in EMT?
They support mesenchymal form
What is the purpose of EMT in embryogenesis?
To allow for the migration of cells during embryogenesis
What is the purpose of the Rho family proteins?
Increased motility
Which of the following is a protease that contributes to the invasiveness of tumors?
Cathepsin
Which of the following is an oncogene that, if overexpressed, could lead to cancer?
MMP
What is the role of CD34 in tumor invasion?
To produce MMP proteases
Which of the following factors recruits tumor-associated macrophages?
CSF-1
What is the function of Invadosome?
Invasion of the space made by the MMPs
What is the significance of high levels of TILs in cancer prognosis?
It indicates a good prognosis
What induces the migration of cells during EMT?
TGF-Beta
What is the primary function of cell-mediated immunity according to Lewis Thomas?
To protect against cancer
When is surgical removal of a tumor most critical?
When it's benign and has intact basement membrane
What is the primary way that cancer cells evade the immune system?
By reducing MHC I presentation
What is the difference between TSAs and TAAs?
TSAs are found in mouse cells only, while TAAs are found in tumor cells more than in normal cells
What is the role of perforin-granzyme in the immune response?
It is involved in the Fas pathway
What is the significance of vitiligo in melanoma prognosis?
It is a good prognostic factor
What is the role of TGF-beta in cancer?
It binds to TGF-beta receptors on lymphocytes and kills them
What is the purpose of active immunization in cancer treatment?
To expose more tumor antigens, wake up Tc cells, and expose more TIL cells
What is the target of the Herceptin antibody in cancer treatment?
Her-2
What is the role of mTOR in cancer?
To promote transcription of oncogenes
What is the target of the anti-NFkappaB drug Velcade?
Proteosome
What is the goal of downstaging in cancer treatment?
To detect cancer at an early stage
What is the first step in the journey to therapeutic treatment for cancer?
Understanding the biology of cancer
Which of the following is a target of biotherapy in cancer treatment?
Proteins involved in cancer
What is the purpose of immune checkpoint inhibition in cancer treatment?
To block the receptor for the 'don't eat me' signal on T cells
What is the primary target of chemotherapy and radiation in cancer treatment?
DNA of actively proliferating tumor cells
What is the function of P-glycoprotein in cancer cells?
To act as a drug pump
What happens if you only target non-CSCs in cancer treatment?
The tumor will initially regress then grow back
Learn about the stages of metastasis, from primary tumor formation to colonization, and the key mechanisms involved, including Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and matrix degradation. Test your understanding of the biological processes that enable cancer cells to spread and invade new tissues.
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