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Metastasis Process and Routes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is dysplasia?

A disorderly growth of epithelium confined to the epithelium (correct)

A malignant neoplasm arising from glandular epithelium

A marked neoplastic proliferation of connective tissue

A benign neoplasm most often arising from surface epithelium

Which statement best describes papilloma?

Characterized by finger-like epithelial processes overlying a core of connective tissue (correct)

Composed of delicate adenomatous papillary processes extending into cystic spaces

Arises from glandular epithelium with a glandular pattern

Arises from transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder

What distinguishes adenoma among benign neoplasms?

Consists of adipose tissue and blood vessels

Presence of dense fibrous tissue

Mainly composed of smooth muscle cells

Has a glandular pattern or arises from glandular epithelium (correct)

Which fundamental change is required for malignancy according to the text?

Evasion of apoptosis Signup and view all the answers

Which tumor is the most common neoplasm in women?

Uterine leiomyoma or fibroid tumor Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of checkpoint controls in the cell cycle?

Prevent cell cycle progression Signup and view all the answers

How are CDKs regulated during G1 phase of the cell cycle?

Suppressed by various mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

What leads to sustained angiogenesis in cancer cells?

Loss of tumor suppressor gene function Signup and view all the answers

Which class of agents require metabolic conversion to become carcinogens?

Chemicals Signup and view all the answers

Which route is preferential for metastasis in sarcomas?

Blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the first node that receives lymph from a primary tumor in carcinomas?

Sentinel lymph node Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of direct-acting chemical carcinogens?

Alkylating agents Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of cancer cachexia described in the text?

Release of cytokines (TNF) Signup and view all the answers

Which system is used for clinical assessment of the degree of localization or spread of a tumor?

TNM system Signup and view all the answers

What does grading in cancer evaluation involve according to the text?

Evaluation of cellular differentiation Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may mimic metastatic disease and lead to confusion in treatment?

Polycythemia Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of cancer cachexia as described in the text?

Progressive loss of body fat and lean body mass Signup and view all the answers