Metamorphism and Igneous Rock Formation

Metamorphism

• Metamorphism transforms existing rock (protolith) into metamorphic rock through heat, pressure, fluids, and time.
• The four controlling factors of metamorphism include:
  • Temperature: Increases the rate of reactions and mineral changes.
  • Pressure: Alters the physical and mineral composition by compacting the rock.
  • Chemically Active Fluids: Enhance chemical reactions and mineral growth.
  • Time: Longer exposure to metamorphic conditions allows significant changes to occur.

Formation of Igneous Rocks

• Igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of molten material called magma (beneath Earth's surface) or lava (on the surface).
• Intrusive Igneous Rocks: Formed when magma cools slowly underground, resulting in coarse-grained textures due to large crystals.
• Extrusive Igneous Rocks: Formed when lava cools quickly on the surface, producing fine-grained textures with small or no visible crystals.
• The key difference between intrusive and extrusive rocks lies in their formation location and cooling rates.

This quiz focuses on the processes involved in metamorphism and the formation of igneous rocks. You will explore the factors affecting metamorphism, including temperature, pressure, chemically active fluids, and time, as well as the differences between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks.