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Questions and Answers
What determines the degree of metamorphism experienced by the protolith?
What determines the degree of metamorphism experienced by the protolith?
The four factors: temperature, pressure, chemically active fluids, and time.
What are the four factors that control the process of metamorphism?
What are the four factors that control the process of metamorphism?
- Temperature
- Pressure
- Chemically active fluids
- Time
- All of the above (correct)
The difference between ___________ and ___________ igneous rocks.
The difference between ___________ and ___________ igneous rocks.
intrusive, extrusive
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Study Notes
Metamorphism
- Metamorphism transforms existing rock (protolith) into metamorphic rock through heat, pressure, fluids, and time.
- The four controlling factors of metamorphism include:
- Temperature: Increases the rate of reactions and mineral changes.
- Pressure: Alters the physical and mineral composition by compacting the rock.
- Chemically Active Fluids: Enhance chemical reactions and mineral growth.
- Time: Longer exposure to metamorphic conditions allows significant changes to occur.
Formation of Igneous Rocks
- Igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of molten material called magma (beneath Earth's surface) or lava (on the surface).
- Intrusive Igneous Rocks: Formed when magma cools slowly underground, resulting in coarse-grained textures due to large crystals.
- Extrusive Igneous Rocks: Formed when lava cools quickly on the surface, producing fine-grained textures with small or no visible crystals.
- The key difference between intrusive and extrusive rocks lies in their formation location and cooling rates.
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