Metabolic Science Quiz

<p>To trace regular atoms using isotopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rate of appearance from protein intake and breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To slowly change voltages in the rod to spiral ions down</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.8 g/kg/day</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gain or loss of total body protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrogen intake and loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provide immediate feedback of interstitial fluid glucose concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Measure energy expenditure and substrate usage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle breakdown and protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Average need plus 2 standard deviations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excess are catabolized</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anabolic state</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrogen intake, fecal and urinary losses, and other miscellaneous losses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Various body proteins including skin, hair, nails, and sweat</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>95 grams</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catabolism increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy, CO2, H2O, and urea</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30 grams</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indispensable, conditionally indispensable, or dispensable</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amino acid requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysine and phenylketonuria conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Does not change nitrogen balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consuming purified diets and measuring intake and collections</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process using tracer dilution principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The impact of autophagy on metabolic homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dynamic processes to maintain a constant internal environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gene function plays a crucial role in the processing of nutrients as it determines the production of enzymes and other proteins involved in nutrient metabolism and utilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indirect calorimetry measures energy expenditure and substrate usage through airflow and gas exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recommended protein intake is 0.8 g/kg/day, with higher amounts suggested for critical illness and aging-related muscle wasting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrogen balance reflects the gain or loss of total body protein, with a positive balance indicating an anabolic state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concept of nitrogen balance considers nitrogen intake, fecal and urinary losses, and other miscellaneous losses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amino acids come from muscle breakdown and protein, are used in various processes, and can be toxic in imbalance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interstitial fluid, used clinically to monitor glucose between cells, closely mirrors plasma composition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nutrient requirements vary among individuals, with the RDA representing the average need plus 2 standard deviations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amino acids are not stored as proteins and excess are catabolized, unlike the storage of excess glucose and fat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The principle of tracer dilution states that the flow in a system can be determined by the infusion rate of the tracer and the concentration of the tracer in the pool being measured. The assumptions underlying this principle are: 1. The system is at steady state. 2. The pool is homogeneous. 3. The tracer is massless compared to the tracee. 4. There is no tracer recycling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In tracer analysis, the equation $Ra=I+B$ represents the rate of appearance (Ra) of a substance, which includes the appearance from protein breakdown (B) and protein intake (I).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mass spectrum in GCMS analysis is used as a fingerprint of different ions to identify substances, such as pesticides, and is also used in metabolomics due to its specificity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ratio of 121 to 120 in the labeled leucine pool indicates how much the labeled leucine has been diluted in the whole leucine pool, providing information about the speed of flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The stable isotopes used as tracers in tracer analysis include 13C, 2H, 15N, 18O, and 34S, involving the elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, respectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The purpose of bombarding samples with high energy electrons in GCMS analysis is to explode the molecules into distinct powder of fragments, or ions, which can then be analyzed to identify substances. This process involves bombarding the sample with high energy electrons, causing the molecules to explode and form ions that are then analyzed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amino acid degradation produces energy, $CO_{2}$, $H_{2}O$, and urea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The free amino acid pool consists of 95% absorbed and 5% excreted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>95 grams of nitrogen are excreted in urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing protein intake from 100 grams to 200 grams per day increases catabolism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sensitivity of measuring nitrogen balance is high, with a high between-subject variance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excess lysine intake does not change nitrogen balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The text explains the role of SGLT1 and SGLT2 in the reabsorption of glucose and the development of drugs like flozin and ozampic to lower blood glucose and aid in weight reduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers