Metabolic Response to Trauma and Nutritional Support Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the metabolic response to trauma?

  • The body's reaction to food.
  • The body's reaction to exercise.
  • The body's reaction to medication.
  • The body's reaction to injury or impact, such as surgery, burn, or sepsis. (correct)

    • What are the two phases of the metabolic response to trauma?

  • Glycogenolysis and Gluconeogenesis
  • Ebb and Flow (correct)
  • Catabolic and Anabolic
  • Hyperthermia and Hypothermia

    • What is the Ebb phase characterized by?

  • Increase in pulse rate, respiratory rate, cardiac output, and hyperthermia. (correct)
  • Decrease in pulse rate, respiratory rate, cardiac output, and hypothermia.
  • Increase in pulse rate, respiratory rate, cardiac output, and hypothermia.
  • Decrease in pulse rate, respiratory rate, cardiac output, and hyperthermia.

    • What is the Flow phase characterized by?

    <p>Catabolic and Anabolic sub-phases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the body's primary source of energy?

    <p>Glucose obtained through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the hormones that help provide glucose and increase Na and water retention?

    <p>Cortisol, aldosterone, and ADH hormones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the energy sources in the body?

    <p>Glycogen in the liver, body fat, and protein in skeletal muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the body in case of prolonged trauma or starvation?

    <p>The body starts cannibalizing itself, leading to a decrease in body weight, body fat, skeletal muscle wasting, and an increase in glucose in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is nutritional therapy important for surgical patients?

    <p>To prevent or treat malnutrition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the diagnostic points for malnutrition?

    <p>BMI &lt; 20 kg/m2, weight loss &gt; 10% of body weight over the last 3 months, and albumin serum level &lt; 30gm/L (in the absence of hepatic or renal disease).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can enteral nutrition be started?

    <p>When bowel function returns, starting with oral clear liquids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is parenteral nutrition indicated?

    <p>When enteral feeding is not possible.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the metabolic response to trauma?

    <p>The body's reaction to injury or impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two phases of the metabolic response to trauma?

    <p>Ebb and Flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the Ebb phase of the metabolic response to trauma?

    <p>The body tries to decrease energy consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the Catabolic phase of the metabolic response to trauma?

    <p>Decrease in cardiac output, hypotension, weak pulse, decrease in O2 consumption, and hypothermia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three energy sources of the body?

    <p>Glycogen in the liver, body fat, and protein in skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the body during prolonged trauma or starvation?

    <p>The body starts cannibalizing itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is malnutrition a concern for surgical patients?

    <p>Malnourished patients make poor surgical candidates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the diagnostic points for malnutrition?

    <p>BMI &lt; 20 kg/m2, weight loss &gt; 10% of body weight over the last 3 months, and albumin serum level &lt; 30gm/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should enteral nutrition be started?

    <p>When bowel function returns, starting with oral clear liquids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is parenteral nutrition indicated?

    <p>When enteral feeding is not possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the complications of enteral and parenteral nutrition?

    <p>Nausea, vomiting, malabsorption, diarrhea, hepatic steatosis, cholestasis, and gastrointestinal atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be done to ensure rapid recovery after surgery?

    <p>Decrease in Nil By Mouth time before surgery, carbohydrate loading before surgery, minimal surgery, rapid feeding after surgery, and early mobilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Metabolic Response to Trauma and Nutritional Support for Surgical Patients

    • Metabolic response to trauma refers to the body's reaction to injury or impact, such as surgery, burn, or sepsis.
    • The metabolic response consists of two phases: Ebb and Flow. In the Ebb phase, the body tries to decrease energy consumption, characterized by an increase in pulse rate, respiratory rate, cardiac output, and hyperthermia.
    • The Flow phase consists of two sub-phases: Catabolic and Anabolic. The Catabolic phase is characterized by a decrease in cardiac output, hypotension, weak pulse, decrease in O2 consumption, and hypothermia.
    • The body needs glucose for energy, which is obtained through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver. Cortisol, aldosterone, and ADH hormones help provide glucose and increase Na and water retention.
    • The body has three energy sources: glycogen in the liver, body fat, and protein in skeletal muscle.
    • In case of prolonged trauma or starvation, the body starts cannibalizing itself, leading to a decrease in body weight, body fat, skeletal muscle wasting, and an increase in glucose in the blood.
    • Nutritional therapy can be given orally, enterally (through the gastrointestinal route), or parenterally (through the venous system) to prevent or treat malnutrition.
    • Malnourished patients make poor surgical candidates, and surgery causes a stress response that leads to hypermetabolic or catabolic response. Malnutrition increases the risk of post-operative complications.
    • Nutritional methods include oral nutritional supplements, nasogastric tube feeding, gastrostomy feeding, jejunal feeding, and parenteral nutrition.
    • Rapid recovery after surgery requires a decrease in Nil By Mouth time before surgery, carbohydrate loading before surgery, minimal surgery, rapid feeding after surgery, and early mobilization.
    • Diagnostic points for malnutrition include BMI < 20 kg/m2, weight loss > 10% of body weight over the last 3 months, and albumin serum level < 30gm/L (in the absence of hepatic or renal disease).
    • Enteral nutrition can be started when bowel function returns, starting with oral clear liquids. If the patient cannot eat enough for 5-7 days, enteral nutrition should be started. Parenteral nutrition is indicated when enteral feeding is not possible, and it can be given through a peripheral or central vein. Complications of enteral and parenteral nutrition include nausea, vomiting, malabsorption, diarrhea, hepatic steatosis, cholestasis, and gastrointestinal atrophy.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the metabolic response to trauma and nutritional support for surgical patients with this informative quiz. Learn about the different phases of the metabolic response, the body's energy sources, and the importance of providing adequate nutrition to prevent malnutrition and post-operative complications. Explore the various methods of nutritional therapy, diagnostic points for malnutrition, and the complications associated with enteral and parenteral nutrition. Whether you're a healthcare professional or simply interested in the topic, this quiz will help you understand the critical role

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