Pathology : Metabolic, Nutritional, and Toxic Dz of bone and joints

What aer the three main metabolic bone diseases?

Which of the following is characterized by a failure to mineralize bone, resulting in soft bones?

Fibrous osteodystrophy is primarily caused by:

Which metabolic bone disease is most commonly found in animals and involves both basal resorption and decreased bone production?

PTH promotes ______________________

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 also stimulates bone resorption

Which of the following also impacts bone metabolism?

The most common metabolic bone disorder is ___________________

Describe osteoporosis

What differentiates osteoporosis from osteopenia?

Describe osteopenia?

What causes osteoporosis? (Looking for non-specific etiologies)

Which of the following animals are commonly affected by osteoporosis due to increased metabolic demands?

List the specific etiologies of osteoporosis

Which of the following gastrointestinal conditions can contribute to the development of osteoporosis in animals?

Disuse osteoporosis may occur in which of the following scenarios?

Which of the following is not a typical cause of osteoporosis in veterinary medicine?

Which of the following mineral deficiencies is not typically associated with osteoporosis in farm animals?

What is the hallmark pathological feature of rickets?

Which clinical signs are commonly seen in animals with rickets?

Rickets and osteomalacia both involve:

What distinguishes rickets from osteomalacia?

Rickets occurs in _____________ (young/old) animals with open ___________. (Type out whole sentence)

What age group is primarily affected by oseomalacia?

What is the primary cause of rickets in animals?

Which lesion is pathognomonic for rickets?

What is the underlying pathology that causes enlarged metaphyses in rickets?

What is a classic sign of rickets affecting the ribs?

Which of the following conditions can occur with both osteomalacia and rickets?

Which species is most susceptible to rickets?

Which species require UV light or D3 supplementation because they cannot fully utilize D2?

Which of the following is a cause of fibrous osteodystrophy?

What is “Big Head” or “Bran Disease” in horses a manifestation of?

What is a classic sign of fibrous osteodystrophy in reptiles?

What dietary issue commonly leads to metabolic bone disease in reptiles?

Vitamin A toxicosis in cats (often from liver-rich diets) can lead to:

Which of the following is a neurological consequence of vitamin A toxicity?

Which species are unable to synthesize vitamin C and may develop scurvy?

What are common lesions seen in species with Vitamin C deficiency?

Animals with Vit C deficiency experience weak and thin collagen

Vitamin D toxicosis results in:

What is the most likely cause of death in animals with vitamin D toxicosis?

What is growth retardation lattice?

“Growth retardation lines" or a "growth lattice" near the physis may be seen in all of the following except:

Which disease causes both growth retardation lines and enamel hypoplasia?

What are the hallmark dental signs of fluorosis in herbivores?

Fluorine toxicosis is often seen in herbivores during ______________ following ingestion of ______________________ or _____________

Gout is primarily a disorder involving the deposition of:

Which species are susceptible to gout due to the lack of uricase?

What causes articular gout in animals?

Visceral gout is most commonly caused by: