Osteoporosis Diagnosis and Treatment Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the prevalence of osteoporosis in men aged 50 years?

1 in 5

Which type of fracture is most common due to osteoporosis?

Hip

What is the estimated total number of hip fractures in 2050?

6.26 million

What factor, other than decreased Bone Mineral Density (BMD), contributes to increased fractures in the elderly?

Increased risk of falling Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated prevalence of osteoporosis in individuals over 50 years old in Ireland?

300,000 Signup and view all the answers

What is the average hospital stay for patients with hip fractures in Ireland?

18 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the immediate mortality rate after hip fracture in Ireland?

12% Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of individuals with hip fractures require long-term care?

25% Signup and view all the answers

At what age is peak bone mass achieved?

Late 20s Signup and view all the answers

When does age-related bone loss typically begin?

After 40 Signup and view all the answers

What causes uncoupling of bone resorption and formation, leading to bone loss?

Oestrogen deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of women with osteoporosis are unaware of their condition?

80% Signup and view all the answers

What is the gold standard for osteoporosis diagnosis?

Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Signup and view all the answers

How much does the cost of falls and fractures amount to annually in Ireland?

€400 million Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of individuals with hip fractures regain their independence?

30% Signup and view all the answers

How many hip fractures occur annually in Ireland?

2,800 Signup and view all the answers

What does BMD measure deviations from?

Mean BMD of young healthy adults Signup and view all the answers

Which criterion classifies BMD levels as normal, osteopenia, osteoporosis, or established osteoporosis?

WHO criteria for T-scores Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of bisphosphonates on BMD in the spine during the first 3 years of treatment?

Increase by 5-8% Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for the management of osteoporosis in men?

Lifestyle measures and treatment of underlying causes Signup and view all the answers

What does Z-score measure deviations from?

Mean BMD of the same age and gender population Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of bisphosphonates on BMD in the hip during the first 3 years of treatment?

Increase by 2-4% Signup and view all the answers

What does plain radiography show after 30-80% bone mineral loss?

Lucency Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of vitamin D supplements in relation to BMD, fracture risk, and falls?

They may have a beneficial effect Signup and view all the answers

What is vital for bone health according to the text?

Bone-sparing foods with low PRAL values and vitamin K Signup and view all the answers

What is involved in osteoporosis prevention according to the text?

Varied and healthy diet, achieving good peak bone mass, maintaining a healthy body weight, and staying active Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of calcium intake and vitamin D sources on osteoporosis prevention?

They are part of prevention measures Signup and view all the answers

What is the evidence for continuing bisphosphonates after 3 years, especially in the context of multimorbidity and frailty?

No consistent evidence Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Osteoporosis Diagnosis and Treatment Overview

BMD can be expressed as T-score or Z-score and is an independent predictor of fragility fractures
Plain radiography shows lucency after 30-80% bone mineral loss
T-score measures deviations from mean BMD of young healthy adults and is used in post-menopausal women and men over 50
Z-score measures deviations from mean BMD of the same age and gender population
WHO criteria for T-scores classify BMD levels as normal, osteopenia, osteoporosis, or established osteoporosis
Bisphosphonates inhibit bone resorption and improve mineralization, increasing BMD by 5-8% in spine and 2-4% in hip during the first 3 years of treatment
There is no consistent evidence for continuing bisphosphonates after 3 years, especially in the context of multimorbidity and frailty
Prevention of osteoporosis includes lifestyle measures, calcium intake, and vitamin D sources
Vitamin D supplements may have a beneficial effect on BMD, fracture risk, and falls
Bone-sparing foods with low PRAL values and vitamin K are vital for bone health
Osteoporosis prevention involves a varied and healthy diet, achieving good peak bone mass, maintaining a healthy body weight, and staying active
Osteoporosis affects 20% of men, with lifestyle measures and treatment of underlying causes being essential for management

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